After the tomatoes were planted in the summer and autumn of this year, vegetable farmers from the vegetable bases in various parts of our province called and sought help for the treatment of tomato virus disease. After on-site inspections in Nanhe, Weixian, Yucheng, Raoyang, Suning, Leting and Xushui, tomato virus disease has shown an explosive trend this year.
I. Current status of tomato virus disease
In July, tomato virus disease began to sporadically develop, especially since entering the middle and late July. The province has gradually become popular. Only in counties in Hengyang County, Raoyang County, seven pollution-free vegetable production bases have occurred. The focus is on Tomato cultivated in summer, the key villages are: Suozhuang, Wugu, Da Yincun, Dongfengzhuang, Liuzhu, Zhangcun, Duanzhuang, Xiaoguan Hall, Shengshui, Zhaizi, Hefang, Nanshiqin, Beishiqin, There are more than 50 villages including Nanliu Manchu, Beiliuman, North and South Rocks, Beibei Rock and Luhan, with a total of 40,000 mu. The incidence rate is high at 77.2% (mainly planted in early July), and the incidence is light. 30% to 50%, some vegetable farmers have begun to pull out. Diseases are still spreading further. If they are not prevented and controlled, the loss will be inestimable.
Second, the scene performance symptoms
1. The main symptoms of tomato in the early stage are slow growth or stagnation, internode shortening, dwarfing of plants, thick upper stems, multiple branches, small and thick leaves, hard and hard leaves, wrinkled leaves, upward curl The growth point was yellowing, the leaf margins were broad-band yellow, and the lower old leaves had no obvious symptoms.
2. The planting seedlings are naturally withered, or the new leaves are variegated, linear, acicular. The stalk is brown and deciduous, with necrosis and necrosis. There are many twigs in the stem and the Fruit is deformed. This symptom is consistent with the virus symptoms caused by traditional tobacco mosaic virus and cucumber mosaic virus in China.
Third, the cause of the disease
Viral diseases are systemic diseases. The virus cannot overwinter on the diseased body. It can only rely on the vegetables that survive in winter, grow in protected areas, or perennial weeds and vegetables. In the next year, the disease spreads on the surviving host, and then is transmitted by maggots and migratory locusts. Therefore, maggots and whiteflies are important transmission media for the development of viral diseases. High temperatures and droughts are conducive to the reproduction and transmission of aphids, which in turn cause serious viral diseases. Excessive management, overgrown fields, and land adjacent to cruciferous cultivars are serious. Therefore, it is very important to say that eradicating viral diseases and eradicating viral vectors.
Fourth, prevention and control methods
(a) Ecological control
1. Select anti-virus varieties. Select resistant varieties with good antiviral properties, high temperature resistance and drought resistance, such as newly promoted Ruifei, Zidali, Qidan and others.
2. Completely eradicate the weeds in the surrounding area of ​​the facility's booth and the old roots surrounding the wintering vegetables. Keep away from cruciferous crops and cut off the living habitat of insects.
3. Increase the organic fertilizer, cultivate older seedlings, thick seedlings, strengthen the cultivator, and eliminate the earthworms in time to enhance the plant's own antiviral ability. Tomato plants that have been infected with virus can be considered to cooperate with spraying growth hormone, 1 to 2 times of large-fertilizer water promoting measures to break down the symptoms of dead strains due to virus diseased plant stunted, dilute the plant virus concentration, ease the inhibition of growth The phenomenon.
4. After the late autumn, planting greenhouses should be planted in addition to the appropriate late sowing to avoid the seasons when the locusts move, they should set a 30-mesh insect net at the nursery. The greenhouses cultivated in the past summer use two nets and one membrane (ie, insect nets, shade nets, and shed membranes) to reduce the temperature of the greenhouses and the damage of grasshoppers such as whitefly and thrips. Shelter curtains should also be hung on the doors of greenhouses. Operators should enter and exit quickly and quickly. Do not open the screens and minimize the chance of flying into the sheds. The more summer the tomato is cultivated, the higher in the summer, the higher temperature and the more rainy season. The effect of temperature drop and temperature drop in the greenhouse directly affects the level of output. To increase the pest control nets in the summer shelters, it is necessary to fully consider the difficulty of spreading temperature caused by the density of the insect nets. When the nets are added, the height of the insect nets must be increased to increase the air outlets. During the summer, the plastic shed film does not withdraw. In order to prevent exposure and high temperature, a shading net with a shading rate of 70% is covered on the shed film, and both sides are closed with a mesh yarn of 2 to 4 meters in width. This measure can reduce the temperature and humidity. , And can effectively prevent insects from entering, greatly reducing the dosage, in line with the requirements of pollution-free vegetable production. At the same time, the repellency of locusts and fleas can be used to avoid maggots with silver ash film, and yellow slats are used to lubricate and control the number of pests in the shed.
5. Notes on agricultural operations. When smashing tomato, it is necessary to strictly disinfect the operating tools. For plants that have been infected with the virus, split or separate the right and left hands. First, the non-infected plants were pruned, and then the diseased plants were pruned. After the pruning of the susceptible plants, the pruning of Healthy plants was prohibited.
(II) Chemical control
1. Seed Disinfection: It is recommended to disinfect seeds before sowing. That is, 10% trisodium phosphate soaked for 15 to 20 minutes, and then rinse with water to kill the virus on the seed surface, dried after sowing.
2. Irrigation and root irrigation medication can be used 25% Ake Thai dispersible granules can be sprayed for a single spray, and the effective period can be as long as 25 to 30 days. The method is to spray seedlings with Aketai 1500 to 2500 times (a sprayer water plus 6 to 8 grams of medicine) 2 to 3 days before transplanting, so that the liquid will penetrate into the soil in addition to the spraying of leaves. The average per square meter seedbed spraying liquid is about 2 kg.
3. Optional 25% Aktai water dispersible granules 2500 ~ 4000 times liquid or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1000 times or 2.5% Green kungfu agent 1500 times liquid spray eradication. For sheds that are not equipped with insect nets, tomato plants that have been infected with the virus may be considered to use a 6-8 grams of Aketai to thoroughly block the locusts and ticks in a shed. Can also be used 20% of the virus A wettable powder 500 times or 1.5% plant disease Ling EC 1000 times spray, etc., have a certain degree of inhibition of virus replication.
4. Use 3.4% Biguard crystal 4000 to 5000 times liquid to spray the plants with mild symptoms of viral disease, 7 to 10 days 1 time. For plants with severe symptoms, it is advisable to use a 4000-fold solution of bi-protection followed by brassinolide 800-fold for spray application. In combination with the use of large-fertilizer water, forced stimulation of dwarfed tomato plants.
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