Symptoms One month after the sowing of cotton, irregular root knots were formed on the roots, and root knots were stimulated by invading root nematodes, causing cells of cotton roots to continuously divide and grow in size. Root knot size is related to the susceptibility of cotton varieties and the number of invading nematodes. When the root-knot nematode infests the main root, branches are formed on the affected young root, affecting the downward growth of the main root. The nematode infects the roots and causes the interruption of the vascular bundle, which affects the absorption and transportation of water and nutrients, causing the leaves to turn yellow and the plants to dwarf. When the temperature is high, the diseased plants are easy to wilt.
The pathogen Me10idogyne incognita (Kofoid et White) Chitwood called the 4th race of Meloidogyne incognita. The pathogenic nematodes are male and female, and the larvae are slender wormlike. Male adult linear, slightly rounded at the end, colorless and transparent, size 1.0-1.50.03-0.04 (mm). Female adults are pear-shaped, and each female can lay 300-800 eggs, and females are buried in the host tissue, and the size is 0644-1.590626-0.81 (mm). In addition, M, .arenaria (Neal) Chitwood said that peanut root knot nematodes, M.acronea Coetzee called sorghum root knot nematodes, and M.javanica (Treub.) Chitwood said Java root knot nematodes were also the cause of the disease.
Transmission routes and conditions The southern root-knot nematode in Zhejiang is incomplete in five generations, the first generation egg is in the early June to the middle of June, the larvae are in mid-June, the second-generation egg is born in mid-July, and the larvae are distributed. In mid-July and late July, three generations of eggs thrive in mid-August, larvae thrive in mid-August to late August; fourth-generation eggs thrive in early September and mid-September, and larvae thrive in mid-September; The 5th generation eggs are prevalent in early October. Nematodes in the root-knot nematode worms are parasitic nematodes. The females are in the roots of the cotton plants. The eggs form an egg mass on the surface of the root, and each egg has 500 eggs. The egg class then crawls out of the second-instar larvae from the egg shell. The second-instar larvae invade from within 2 cm of the root tip, penetrate the cells within the cortex, and can also crawl upwards from the cell to the root stigma, fix it, start feeding, and produce secretions on its head. Around the area, 4-8 giant cells are generated, feeding the nematode. It is thought that root knots are formed due to the increase in the size of the cell mitosis cells. It is also believed that the cell walls of the cells of the nematode head are partially digested, the remaining cell walls are connected, and the cytoplasm is fused to form a multinuclear, cytoplasmic thick cell. The secretion of peroxidase after the root-knot nematode begins to feed is a decisive factor in the generation and development of giant cells. In the process of nematode breeding, macroscopic cells have been used to provide nutrition, and the giant cells of the nematode have either deteriorated or disappeared. During this process, giant cell formation was blocked or failed to form, and nematodes starved to death due to lack of nutrition. Under normal conditions, the root-knot nematode grows into adult worms three times and the female adults lay eggs again and then reproduce or invade the surrounding cotton tissue. The worm does not need to mate to perform parthenogenetic reproduction. Under normal circumstances, a cycle of life is completed in 3-4 weeks. Appropriate breeding soil temperature 20-30 °C, up to 40 °C, minimum 5 °C. Soil water content above 10% and below 90%, sandy soil, summer second-instar larvae can survive for several weeks, and hatched larvae can also overwinter in the fall.
Control methods (1) Selection of cotton varieties resistant to root-knot nematodes. (2) Use peanuts, rice, etc. with resistance to root-knot nematode disease for more than 3 years. (3) Cotton is burned in time after drawing firewood to reduce the source of insects. (4) Before sowing, each 667m2 of 3% carbofuran granules 4-5kg mixed with a small amount of fine sand, applied into the ditch, also available 80% dibromochloropropane 5kg, water 50L, according to the sowing spacing ditch depth 15cm, Use a sprayer without a spray head to apply the liquid to the ditch, and wait until the lamb is tight. In addition, it is also possible to use 10% Kedan, 1.5-2.5kg per 667m2, strengthen the sand and mix well, spread on topsoil, and dig into the soil. It is also possible to use 1.8% aforein EC before sowing or before planting. Use 1ml per m2, dilute the water to 6L and pour into the ground, and then dig into the soil. Can also be planted with 1.8% etopo EC 1000 times liquid planting points, control effect is excellent.
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