Fertilizers have an "association" relationship, and there are also contradictions.
For example, if more phosphate fertilizers are used, the excess available phosphorus combines with the available zinc in the soil to form insoluble zinc phosphate precipitates, causing a lack of effective zinc in the soil. Not only that, the excess available phosphorus also inhibits the absorption of nitrogen by crops and causes nitrogen deficiency.
For example, if more potassium is used, excess potassium will reduce crops' absorption of nitrogen, magnesium, calcium, boron, and zinc, causing the lack of these nutrients in crops.
Even organic fertilizers cannot be used excessively. If it is applied too much, the microorganisms in the soil will appear contradictions with the crops to “nail nitrogen†and “absorb nitrogenâ€, causing temporary nitrogen deficiency in the soil for a period of time, and the excess organic matter will form complexes or chelates with zinc, which will reduce zinc. Effectiveness.
To prevent "grossing" between fertilizers, the following methods can be used:
First, as far as possible to achieve balanced fertilization
The partial application or application of simple fertilizer to crops not only wastes fertilizer, increases production costs, but also easily leads to the lack of other certain or certain nutrient elements.
When fertilizing, according to the different fertilizers required by the structure of the crop and the soil fertility, it is necessary to measure the amount of nutrients in balance, so that it can be safe.
Second, in addition, according to the proportion of different crops on the demand for various nutrients, to increase the same increase, to reduce the same reduction.
Relative to simple fertilizers, the proportions of nutrients in compound fertilizers or compound fertilizers are more appropriate and coordinated. Therefore, fertilizer should be dominated by compound fertilizer supplemented by simple fertilizer.
For crops that require large amounts of potassium, such as vegetables with tubers and tuberous roots as the harvesting target, sulfur-based compound fertilizers can be used as a supplement, and potassium sulfate simple fertilizer can be added as appropriate.
Third, staggered application period or application site
If zinc fertilizers and phosphorus fertilizers are mixed, they will inevitably produce "gross phase." Therefore, phosphate fertilizer should be used as base fertilizer or basal fertilizer, and zinc fertilizer should be used as top dressing. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other macronutrient fertilizers should be dominated by rhizosphere topdressing, and microfertilizers should be foliar sprayed.
Fourth, reduce the scope of contact
Nitrogen and potassium fertilizers can be used as a method of application; phosphate fertilizer can be used as a method of concentrated fertilization; micro-fertilizers can be used for seed dressing, soaking, and dipping roots, so that trace elements are confined to this small area of ​​the root and are not as large as possible. Elemental contact.
fertilizer
Fertilizers contain many elements. Different elements and dosages are required for different crops, different soils, and different periods, but what do these elements have to do with each other? Which elements will have antagonistic effects? These basic problems can be mastered, and future fertilization must be used! Today we will learn together.
There will be a counter effect between the elements:
Nitrogen: Absorption of nitrate nitrogen is more difficult than absorption of ammonia nitrogen; excessive application of potassium and phosphorus all affect the absorption of nitrogen; lack of boron is not conducive to nitrogen absorption.
Phosphorus: Increased zinc can reduce the absorption of phosphorus; polynitrogen is not conducive to the absorption of phosphorus; iron also has an antagonistic effect on the absorption of phosphorus; increasing lime can make phosphorus become an unusable state; magnesium can promote the absorption of phosphorus.
Potassium: Increase boron to promote the absorption of potassium, zinc can reduce the absorption of potassium; polynitrogen is not conducive to the absorption of potassium; calcium, magnesium have antagonistic effects on the absorption of potassium.
Calcium: Potassium affects the absorption of calcium and decreases the level of calcium nutrition; Magnesium and boron affect the transport of calcium, and magnesium and boron have antagonistic effects with calcium; Ammonium salt can reduce the absorption of calcium and reduce the transfer of calcium to fruits; Can also reduce the absorption of calcium; increase in the soil of aluminum, manganese, nitrogen, will also reduce the absorption of calcium.
Magnesium: Potassium influences the absorption of magnesium. A large amount of sodium and phosphorus are not conducive to the absorption of magnesium, and nitrogen can cause magnesium deficiency. Magnesium and calcium, potassium, ammonium, and hydrogen have antagonistic effects. Increasing sulfates can cause magnesium deficiency. Magnesium can eliminate calcium poisoning. Magnesium deficiency easily induces zinc deficiency and manganese deficiency. Magnesium and zinc have mutually reinforcing effects.
Iron: Multi-boron affects the absorption of iron and reduces the iron content in the plant. Nitrates affect the absorption of iron. Vanadium and iron have antagonistic effects, causing more iron-deficient elements.
Their ordering is Ni>Cu>Co>Gr>Zn>Mo>Mn. The lack of potassium can cause iron deficiency; a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium can cause iron deficiency.
Boron: Iron and aluminum oxides can cause boron deficiency; aluminum, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium hydroxide can cause boron deficiency; long-term lack of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and iron can lead to boron deficiency; increased potassium can increase The lack of boron, potassium deficiency will lead to a small amount of boron poisoning; nitrogen increased, the amount of boron needed to increase, will lead to the lack of boron.
Absorption of boron by manganese is unfavorable, and plants need appropriate Ca/B and K/B ratios (eg, 1234 meq of Ca/B for grape strains and 1142 meq for K/B). And the appropriate Ca/Mg ratio.
Boron has a controlling effect on Ca/Mg and Ca/K ratios.
Several elements that can form complexes, such as niobium, aluminum, and hafnium, have the effect of temporarily improving the boron deficiency.
Manganese: Calcium, zinc, and iron impede the absorption of manganese, and iron hydroxides can precipitate manganese. A physiological alkaline fertilizer was applied to immobilize manganese. Vanadium can slow the poisoning of manganese.
Sulfur and chlorine can increase the state of release and the availability of manganese, and facilitate the absorption of manganese. Copper is not conducive to the absorption of manganese.
Molybdenum: Nitrate nitrogen is beneficial to the absorption of molybdenum, ammonia nitrogen is not conducive to the absorption of molybdenum; sulfate is not conducive to the absorption of molybdenum. A large amount of calcium, aluminum, lead, iron, copper, and manganese all inhibit the absorption of molybdenum.
In the state of phosphorus deficiency and sulfur deficiency, it is bound to lack molybdenum, and it is beneficial to increase the absorption of phosphorus by molybdenum, and it is disadvantageous to increase the sulfur; more phosphorus is needed when phosphorus is needed for a long time. Therefore, excessive phosphorus sometimes leads to the lack of molybdenum.
Zinc: The formation of hydroxides, carbonates, and phosphates into zinc is not a given state. Plants require appropriate p/Zn ratios (usually 100 to 120 and greater than 250 zinc deficiency).
Excessive phosphorus can lead to zinc deficiency. When the nitrogen is too much, the quantity of zinc is also required. Sometimes it also leads to zinc deficiency. The nitrate nitrogen is beneficial to the absorption of zinc. The ammonia nitrogen is not conducive to the absorption of zinc. Increase potassium and calcium unfavorable zinc absorption.
Manganese, copper, and molybdenum are detrimental to zinc absorption. Magnesium and zinc have mutual absorption. Zinc deficiency results in less potassium in the root system. Soils with low Si/Mg ratios lack Zn and zinc antagonizes iron absorption.
Copper: The application of physiological acidic nitrogen or potassium fertilizers can increase the activity of copper and facilitate absorption. Phosphate, carbonate, and hydroxide that produce copper are unacceptable to absorption, so the soil rich in Co2, carbonic acid, and calcium is not conducive to the absorption of copper.
Polyphosphorous can cause copper. H2S produced by the soil in the anaerobic state also hinders the absorption of copper. Copper is also antagonistic to aluminum, iron, zinc, and manganese. Nitrogen is also not conducive to the absorption of copper.
Poor physical and chemical properties of the soil: The physical and chemical properties mentioned here mainly refer to factors related to nutrient absorption.
The normal and vigorous growth of the aboveground part depends on the good development of the root system. The deeper and deeper the root distribution, the more nutrients are absorbed, and the more types of nutrients may be absorbed.
The soil is tough and firm. Hard disks, bleaching layers, and high groundwater levels at the bottom will limit the extension of the root system, reduce the absorption of nutrients by crops, and exacerbate or cause deficiency of the disease.
High groundwater levels, such as some low-lying lands, occur during periods of elevated groundwater levels during the rainy season, whereas in calcareous soils, high groundwater levels also increase the concentration of bicarbonate ions (HC03-) in the soil solution and affect iron. The effectiveness of this triggers or exacerbates iron deficiency disorders.
Unreasonable land leveling has also contributed to the lack of nutrients and poor soil.
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