First, compatibility taboo
1, physical compatibility taboo
Physical, that is, some drugs will physically change together, mainly for the appearance of the drug changes.
1 Separation: After the two liquid drugs are mixed, they quickly decompose again. The oil or liquid paraffin is mixed with water and left standing slightly. It is divided into two layers. In this way, when the drug is administered in divided doses, it will result in inaccurate doses, which will reduce the efficacy or lose the use of drugs.
2 Analysis of the phenomenon: When two liquid drugs are mixed, one of the drugs precipitates or makes the liquid turbid, which not only affects the efficacy but also changes the concentration. When camphor alcohol and water are mixed, camphor is precipitated due to the change of the concentration of the solvent, which reduces the concentration and affects the efficacy.
3 Deliquescent phenomenon: The drug containing crystal water, such as sodium carbonate and aluminum acetate, will show deliquescence. This is due to the loss of efficacy due to the precipitation of crystal water.
4 Liquefaction phenomenon: When the two solid drugs are mixed and ground, the melting point of the mixture decreases due to the formation of a low-melting point mixture, and the solid state changes to a liquid state. When chloral hydrate is co-ground with camphor, a low-melting, low-melting mixture (melting point of -60°C) is formed, which causes liquefaction and changes from solid state crystallization to oily liquid, which affects the efficacy.
2, chemical compatibility taboo
Some drugs will chemically change, not only change the traits of drugs to weaken the efficacy, or even an explosion.
1 precipitation phenomenon: precipitation phenomenon is a common chemical incompatibility. When two or more liquid drugs are combined together, precipitation occurs due to chemical changes. Calcium Chloride, for example, forms insoluble calcium carbonate precipitates in the presence of sodium bicarbonate; tannins and heavy metals can also precipitate.
2 gas production phenomenon: the drug in the process of preparation or after the release of gas, flushed cork, so that the drug ejected, changes in efficacy, and even cause the container to explode. For example, when sodium bicarbonate is combined with acids or acidic salts, the neutralization produces gases that change the chemical properties of the drug.
3 Discoloration phenomenon: Nitrites, alkalis and high iron salts are easily caused by discoloration. Decolorization occurs when iodine and its preparations are mixed with tannic acid; in combination with starch-containing drugs, it is blue.
4 burning or explosion phenomenon: caused by the combination of strong oxidants and reducing agents. For example, potassium permanganate, potassium chlorate, and Citric Acid will grind in an abrasive blast; potassium permanganate and glycerin will combust easily. Can make the drug fail.
Second, avoid measures
Incompatibility of drugs can be avoided, as long as you are familiar with the pharmacological effects of drugs and their physical and chemical properties, you can completely avoid the occurrence of:
1, change the dosage form: calcium lactate and sodium bicarbonate, if add water to make liquid agent, it will produce calcium carbonate precipitation; if you change to powder, you can avoid incompatibility.
2, to change the mixing sequence: If sodium bicarbonate and compound gentian are mixed first, then add water, the sodium bicarbonate can not be completely dissolved and precipitate; if sodium bicarbonate is dissolved in water, then compound gentian is added. Not only does it not precipitate, but it also gives full play to its efficacy.
3, add the third component: is to add some harmless or does not affect the efficacy of the third component in the composition, such as solubilizers, cosolvents, stabilizers or diluents.
4, exchange components: is the use of the same effect of drugs or agents to replace one of the ingredients in the prescription, such as yttrium nitrate 6 grams, 3 grams of sodium nitrate, mint water 60 milliliters, dubbed the solution, the result is due to lanthanum nitrate in the water Slowly hydrolyzed to nitric acid, and nitric acid in the event of sodium bicarbonate to generate carbon dioxide; If you change to basic formulas such as cesium carbonate, you can avoid the production of carbon dioxide.
5, increase the solvent: If sodium salicylate and sodium bicarbonate each 20 grams dissolved in 60 ml of water, not all dissolved; but if you increase the amount of solution 1 times, you can make a clear liquid.
Chemicals for Water treatment, flocculant, decolorising agent, Fixing Agent
Water treatment, flocculant
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