Fan Deshun, Li Huan, Huang Zhong Abstract; Introducing the bag-turning centrifuge developed by Heinkel, Germany, discusses the advantages of the machine and its application prospects in the pharmaceutical industry from the aspects of working principle and structural performance.
Key words; bag-turning centrifuge; filtration equipment; working principle; performance characteristics; application scope at the Beijing International Pharmaceutical Equipment Fair held in November 1998, Heinkel, Germany, launched a new generation The bag-turning centrifuge (Fig. 1) has aroused great interest from domestic manufacturers. It is the ideal centrifugal filtration equipment in the pharmaceutical, food processing, chemical and raw material processing industries. Conventional centrifuges are only suitable for separating and purifying products that are unloaded using a scraping method, and a residual filter residue layer is inevitably formed in the drum to cause a large loss of material or damage of crystal grains. The "turning bag type" completely overcomes the above shortcomings. This is a kind of centrifugal filtering equipment that makes the material loss small, high purity, good washing effect and small residual moisture content of the world, especially suitable for the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. It can be used as the first choice for the development of new products in the centrifuge industry today.
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In the 1970s, due to the increasing requirements of users of centrifugal filtration equipment for their safety, reliability, economic efficiency, automation and environmental protection, ordinary vertical or horizontal centrifugal equipment has been unable to adapt to the pharmaceutical, chemical and food processing industries. Modern production. Heinkel, Germany, first realized this and began research and development of new centrifugal filtration equipment. They shifted the design focus from the original filling, washing and centrifugation processes to how to unload the material without opening the equipment, leaving no residual material on the filter bag. This requires a completely new design of the centrifugal equipment, and even the structure of the conventional centrifugal drum should be improved accordingly.
The world's *turned bag centrifuge was born. Its drum structure is creatively divided into an axial fixed portion and an axial moving portion (Fig. 2). This structure allows the filter bag to be turned over during the unloading process, and the material is separated from the filter bag by centrifugation and ensures that no residual material remains on the filter bag. For the first time, this unique design allows the unloading process to be carried out without any other mechanical means and human contact.
1 Working principle In Figure 2 (a), the fixed input pipe (1) is used to transport the suspension and steam, from the outlet (2) into the centrifuge drum cavity (3), the drive shaft (4) from the inner shaft and The outer shaft is composed and coaxial with the input pipe (1). The housing (5) is connected to the outer shaft of the drive shaft, and the inner shaft is connected to the inner disc (6) of the drum cover. The outer disc (7) of the drum cover is connected to the drive shaft (4) through 8 links (8). The inner and outer shafts rotate at the same speed, while the inner shaft can be moved out in the direction of (14) to allow the filter cloth to be everted [Fig. 2(b)], which is required for reliable hydraulic or full mechanical (helical propulsion). At this time, the filter cloth (9) is expanded into a cylindrical shape around the periphery of the inner disk (6) and the periphery of the casing (5), the rotation speed of the transmission shaft is slowed, and the material on the surface of the drum wall is centrifuged in the direction of the arrow (15). Out.
Taking a bag centrifuge with a drum diameter of 450 mm as an example, one working cycle can be divided into the following eight parts;
(a) charging at 2000 r/m in for 60 s;
(b) drying at 2300 r/m in for 30 s;
(c) adding wash water at 2300 r/m in for 10 s;
(d) drying for the second time at 2300 r/m in for 20 s;
(e) treated with pressurized steam at 2300 r/m in for 20 s;
(f) drying for the third time at 2300 r/m in for 30 s;
(g) Reduce the speed to 1150 r/m in 15 s;
(h) The filter cloth is turned over and discharged within 10 s.
Therefore, in the calculation of the drum strength design, the following four conditions must be considered.
Working condition 1: The drum is closed, the drum is empty, and the rotation speed is 2000 r/m in;
Working condition 2: The drum is closed, the drum is fully loaded (the loading factor is generally 018), and the rotation speed is 2300 r/m in;
Working condition 3: The drum is closed, only dry material is in the drum, and the rotation speed is 1150 r/m in;
Working condition 4: The drum is everted and the speed is 1150 r/m in;
2 Performance characteristics In 1977, the HF series of bag-turning centrifuges was finally put on the market after nearly 10 years of research and development. Its unique design has been widely praised, and its advantages are also in the chemical industry, pharmaceutical industry, food processing industry and raw material processing industry. Further recognition during the use of the process. Since 1990, Heinkel has introduced the second generation of bag-turning centrifuges, which have become the world's solid-liquid separation equipment in terms of technology and performance.
Compared with the * HF standard series, the second generation HF series has made new breakthroughs, and its advanced nature is as follows.
(1) Pressurized Centrifugation At the same time as centrifugal dewatering, pressurizing the processing area (drum) to reduce the humidity of the product can significantly improve economic efficiency. The possibility of washing the product under pressure in the pressurized zone to 016 MPa is provided. The new generation HF series only pressurizes the processing area, so that all standard HF series produced to date can be modified to pressurized centrifugation. The main advantages of pressurized centrifugation are:
(a) Exceeding the dehydration limit that can be achieved by centrifugation, so that the processed drug reaches a lower humidity (see Table 1);
(b) Effective processing of plastic products, such as celluloid;
(c) Shorten process time to increase production;
(d) steam washing, sterilization and sterilization;
(e) may be further dried using dry gas;
(f) The ability to combine dewatering and drying saves the need for further drying processes (such as drying processes) in common processing processes and saves energy.
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(2) No hydraulics Modern pharmaceutical processes have high requirements for environmental cleanliness and sterility, so hydraulics often have serious consequences. If the equipment is not sealed or the conduit is broken, it will cause serious pollution to a large number of products.
The new HF series has eliminated all hydraulics. The axial movement during bag turning and unloading is replaced by mechanical means. If the unloading process is initiated while the drum is running at high speed due to operational errors, the computer will automatically lock the axial movement of the drum to avoid accidents when the drum speed exceeds a dangerous value.
3 Safety indicators and scope of application The standard safety devices of the HF series have the following features:
(1) Explosion-proof gas protection (2) Bearing temperature and vibration monitoring (3) Case lock monitoring (4) Dual speed monitoring and overload monitoring (5) Automatically lock the axial movement of the drum at excessively high speed, prohibiting unloading Material (6) Specially designed bearings prevent steam from contacting the bearings to improve bearing life. The second generation HF series is the only option that meets these requirements for different user requirements before purchasing centrifugal filtration equipment.
(1) Absolutely sealed processing;
(2) Fully unattended automatic operation;
(3) The amount of explosion-proof gas can be reduced by the circulation system;
(4) Ensure that the crystal grains are not broken during discharge;
(5) The material is evenly distributed in the drum to reduce the vibration of the centrifugal filter equipment during operation, and the centrifuge can be operated in a high-rise building;
(6) Guaranteed good washing effect of the Zui, the HF series can save 90% of the detergent consumption compared to the washing process of the ordinary centrifugal filtration equipment;
(7) Ensure that no residual material remains on the filter bag after unloading;
(8) It is only necessary to simply clean the equipment to produce other products, and the purity can reach high requirements;
(9) Automatically control the filling, and measure the quality of the material in the drum by computer, and calculate the humidity of the product;
(10) It can process products that cannot be processed by conventional solid-liquid separation equipment, such as products that are difficult to filter or explosive and plastic.
Key words; bag-turning centrifuge; filtration equipment; working principle; performance characteristics; application scope at the Beijing International Pharmaceutical Equipment Fair held in November 1998, Heinkel, Germany, launched a new generation The bag-turning centrifuge (Fig. 1) has aroused great interest from domestic manufacturers. It is the ideal centrifugal filtration equipment in the pharmaceutical, food processing, chemical and raw material processing industries. Conventional centrifuges are only suitable for separating and purifying products that are unloaded using a scraping method, and a residual filter residue layer is inevitably formed in the drum to cause a large loss of material or damage of crystal grains. The "turning bag type" completely overcomes the above shortcomings. This is a kind of centrifugal filtering equipment that makes the material loss small, high purity, good washing effect and small residual moisture content of the world, especially suitable for the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. It can be used as the first choice for the development of new products in the centrifuge industry today.
In the 1970s, due to the increasing requirements of users of centrifugal filtration equipment for their safety, reliability, economic efficiency, automation and environmental protection, ordinary vertical or horizontal centrifugal equipment has been unable to adapt to the pharmaceutical, chemical and food processing industries. Modern production. Heinkel, Germany, first realized this and began research and development of new centrifugal filtration equipment. They shifted the design focus from the original filling, washing and centrifugation processes to how to unload the material without opening the equipment, leaving no residual material on the filter bag. This requires a completely new design of the centrifugal equipment, and even the structure of the conventional centrifugal drum should be improved accordingly.
The world's *turned bag centrifuge was born. Its drum structure is creatively divided into an axial fixed portion and an axial moving portion (Fig. 2). This structure allows the filter bag to be turned over during the unloading process, and the material is separated from the filter bag by centrifugation and ensures that no residual material remains on the filter bag. For the first time, this unique design allows the unloading process to be carried out without any other mechanical means and human contact.
1 Working principle In Figure 2 (a), the fixed input pipe (1) is used to transport the suspension and steam, from the outlet (2) into the centrifuge drum cavity (3), the drive shaft (4) from the inner shaft and The outer shaft is composed and coaxial with the input pipe (1). The housing (5) is connected to the outer shaft of the drive shaft, and the inner shaft is connected to the inner disc (6) of the drum cover. The outer disc (7) of the drum cover is connected to the drive shaft (4) through 8 links (8). The inner and outer shafts rotate at the same speed, while the inner shaft can be moved out in the direction of (14) to allow the filter cloth to be everted [Fig. 2(b)], which is required for reliable hydraulic or full mechanical (helical propulsion). At this time, the filter cloth (9) is expanded into a cylindrical shape around the periphery of the inner disk (6) and the periphery of the casing (5), the rotation speed of the transmission shaft is slowed, and the material on the surface of the drum wall is centrifuged in the direction of the arrow (15). Out.
Taking a bag centrifuge with a drum diameter of 450 mm as an example, one working cycle can be divided into the following eight parts;
(a) charging at 2000 r/m in for 60 s;
(b) drying at 2300 r/m in for 30 s;
(c) adding wash water at 2300 r/m in for 10 s;
(d) drying for the second time at 2300 r/m in for 20 s;
(e) treated with pressurized steam at 2300 r/m in for 20 s;
(f) drying for the third time at 2300 r/m in for 30 s;
(g) Reduce the speed to 1150 r/m in 15 s;
(h) The filter cloth is turned over and discharged within 10 s.
Therefore, in the calculation of the drum strength design, the following four conditions must be considered.
Working condition 1: The drum is closed, the drum is empty, and the rotation speed is 2000 r/m in;
Working condition 2: The drum is closed, the drum is fully loaded (the loading factor is generally 018), and the rotation speed is 2300 r/m in;
Working condition 3: The drum is closed, only dry material is in the drum, and the rotation speed is 1150 r/m in;
Working condition 4: The drum is everted and the speed is 1150 r/m in;
2 Performance characteristics In 1977, the HF series of bag-turning centrifuges was finally put on the market after nearly 10 years of research and development. Its unique design has been widely praised, and its advantages are also in the chemical industry, pharmaceutical industry, food processing industry and raw material processing industry. Further recognition during the use of the process. Since 1990, Heinkel has introduced the second generation of bag-turning centrifuges, which have become the world's solid-liquid separation equipment in terms of technology and performance.
Compared with the * HF standard series, the second generation HF series has made new breakthroughs, and its advanced nature is as follows.
(1) Pressurized Centrifugation At the same time as centrifugal dewatering, pressurizing the processing area (drum) to reduce the humidity of the product can significantly improve economic efficiency. The possibility of washing the product under pressure in the pressurized zone to 016 MPa is provided. The new generation HF series only pressurizes the processing area, so that all standard HF series produced to date can be modified to pressurized centrifugation. The main advantages of pressurized centrifugation are:
(a) Exceeding the dehydration limit that can be achieved by centrifugation, so that the processed drug reaches a lower humidity (see Table 1);
(b) Effective processing of plastic products, such as celluloid;
(c) Shorten process time to increase production;
(d) steam washing, sterilization and sterilization;
(e) may be further dried using dry gas;
(f) The ability to combine dewatering and drying saves the need for further drying processes (such as drying processes) in common processing processes and saves energy.
(2) No hydraulics Modern pharmaceutical processes have high requirements for environmental cleanliness and sterility, so hydraulics often have serious consequences. If the equipment is not sealed or the conduit is broken, it will cause serious pollution to a large number of products.
The new HF series has eliminated all hydraulics. The axial movement during bag turning and unloading is replaced by mechanical means. If the unloading process is initiated while the drum is running at high speed due to operational errors, the computer will automatically lock the axial movement of the drum to avoid accidents when the drum speed exceeds a dangerous value.
3 Safety indicators and scope of application The standard safety devices of the HF series have the following features:
(1) Explosion-proof gas protection (2) Bearing temperature and vibration monitoring (3) Case lock monitoring (4) Dual speed monitoring and overload monitoring (5) Automatically lock the axial movement of the drum at excessively high speed, prohibiting unloading Material (6) Specially designed bearings prevent steam from contacting the bearings to improve bearing life. The second generation HF series is the only option that meets these requirements for different user requirements before purchasing centrifugal filtration equipment.
(1) Absolutely sealed processing;
(2) Fully unattended automatic operation;
(3) The amount of explosion-proof gas can be reduced by the circulation system;
(4) Ensure that the crystal grains are not broken during discharge;
(5) The material is evenly distributed in the drum to reduce the vibration of the centrifugal filter equipment during operation, and the centrifuge can be operated in a high-rise building;
(6) Guaranteed good washing effect of the Zui, the HF series can save 90% of the detergent consumption compared to the washing process of the ordinary centrifugal filtration equipment;
(7) Ensure that no residual material remains on the filter bag after unloading;
(8) It is only necessary to simply clean the equipment to produce other products, and the purity can reach high requirements;
(9) Automatically control the filling, and measure the quality of the material in the drum by computer, and calculate the humidity of the product;
(10) It can process products that cannot be processed by conventional solid-liquid separation equipment, such as products that are difficult to filter or explosive and plastic.
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