After investigation, it was found that the disease of the edible fungus was really heavy this year, and a considerable number of mushroom sheds were no longer fruity due to diseases, and the economic loss was relatively large. In response to the major infectious diseases that have occurred this year, corresponding prevention and control measures are now proposed for reference by the majority of farmers.
Brown rot mushroom was infested when young and could not be differentiated. In the later period, it formed an irregular gray “swollen headâ€, such as a very thick cap, such as a fistula, or a stipe cap, which was difficult to distinguish, and was born on the surface. Layer "white hair", when the temperature is above 20 °C, 4 to 5 days mushroom color darkens, followed by corruption, seepage brown, soy sauce-like juice, and rot, smelly; if the temperature of the shed below 20 °C, The process is longer and takes about 7 days or more. When the fruiting body was infested during the middle growth period, a brown spot appeared on the surface of the cap, and the stipe was thick and plump, followed by the mushroom body becoming soft and oozing dark brown droplets. The internal tissues of the cut mushroom changed from white to white, and the body of the mushroom turned to blackish brown after soft rot. Odor was emitted.
Brown rot is mainly transmitted by pathogenic spores through air, human bodies, and tools.
Prevention and control measures: Clean up environmental sanitation. Last year, after the old mushroom shed was re-used, it was able to remove a layer of wall skin before it was re-used. Then it was piled on the straw and burned, and then it was re-clamped and sprayed again with carbendazim solution. The dosage was 100 square meters. Rice sheds use 50% carbendazim powder 1 kg, about 80 kg of water, spray evenly, and can be used after 2 days. At temperatures below 13°C, bacterial damage can be inhibited. Curing material surface 0.2 ~ 0.3 cm thick, carpet spray 70 ~ 100 times to get rid of trace solution, can effectively inhibit or kill part of the pathogen. As a preventive measure, after spraying into the shed or after sowing, it can be sprayed with 100 to 150 times the disease without trace, and then it can be strengthened once before mushrooming. It can be sprayed twice in succession at the early stage of disease, and the effect is very good.
In the early onset of brown spot disease, the original mushroom base can be deformed. When the young mushroom is invaded, brown streaks can be formed on the stipe or base, brown spots are covered on the cap, the mushroom grows to the side, and the mushroom is cut. Observe that the inside of the tissue is yellow-brown, dry and loose, and the mushroom body is not rotted and odorless.
The disease may be caused by the germination of pathogenic spores that remain in the soil and floating in the air at the time of initial disease, and the rapid spread after the onset of disease is transmitted through the body, tools, insects, and even splashing water when spraying water.
Control measures: Treatment of mushroom sheds can refer to brown rot. The production of Agaricus bisporus promotes the secondary fermentation technology; the earth-covered materials should be sterilized regularly; after the bacterium bags are put into the shed or after the Coprinus comatus and the Agaricus bisporus are covered with soil, carpet-type spraying is repeated 150 times without any trace; in the early stage of disease, 100 times of continuous spraying is used. If the disease is severe, remove all the mushrooms, stop the water, dry the air, dry the mushrooms, incinerate the mushrooms, and then clean the material surface and paint it 50 times without any trace; for all possible carriers. , materials, etc. are washed with 600 times carbendazim solution.
Soft rot, also known as downy mildew, etc., after the onset of disease, the mushroom bed is covered with pale hyphae of pathogens, and becomes dark grayish green or dark brown. The edible fungus mycelium lacks oxygen and is invaded by the secretions of pathogenic bacteria and loses its vitality. It is difficult to produce mushrooms. The fruiting bodies that have occurred before the disease is seriously harmed are firstly attacked from the base, and extend upwards to the cap of the vegetative cover. At the beginning of the pellicle, watery spots with varying sizes of light brown are found, which are then covered by the bacteria. Death, after rot, followed by a touch.
Pathogens of soft rot spread through earth-covering materials, water, insects, and human body and air.
Prevention and control measures: Mushroom treatment can refer to the foregoing. Strengthen the improvement of the ventilation condition of the mushroom shed to minimize the surface humidity of the bacilli or fungal wall, especially after the artificial water spray, the ventilation of the base should be timely; the pH of the base material should be adjusted to 7 or so, and the alkali-resistant species can be adjusted to 9 or so; at the early stage of disease, when pathogenic bacteria on the surface of the mushroom bed are visible, 100 times of disease can be sprayed without trace; when the disease occurs seriously, a small amount of lime powder can be applied in the disease area; when a large area is harmed, The mushroom can be removed and the material surface and the earth-covering material can be removed. After 100 times of disease is removed, the new treated earth-cover material is replaced, and then 150 times more disease is applied to trace the solution to prevent the occurrence of disease. .
Symptoms of rusty spot disease are the formation of round or oval rust-colored lesions on the surface of the cap. The edges of the lesions are neat, and the depressions are between them. After the spots are shrunk, the caps crack, forming an asymmetrical fruit body. Little infection, basically no infection on the pleats.
The rust spot is a bacterial disease. All kinds of raw and auxiliary materials, earth-covering materials, and water have their own pathogenic bacteria. When the temperature is above 15°C and the air humidity is more than 85%, the bacteria are extremely active. They pass through the human body, air flow, insects, and tools. It is easier to induce the disease when it is carried by other channels, especially when the humidity is high and the ventilation is poor.
Prevention and control measures: The mushroom shed should be thoroughly disinfected before it is used; the base material should be cooked evenly when cultivated with the fermentation material; the bacteria should be persistently sprayed and the mushroom should be sprayed for a preventive purpose; the initial disease should be sprayed with 150 times the mushroom. Kill the disease solution can be; when the disease is severe, you can remove the mushrooms, clean the material surface, the system of about 70 times the mushroom killing disease solution continuously sprayed more than 2 times; daily management, should keep the air humidity at about 85%, Do not be too high, and adhere to reasonable ventilation, especially after water spray, the water surface of the cap should be evaporated within 1 hour, otherwise, stay too long and easy to induce the disease.
In the early stage of macular infection, there is a small spot-like yellowish spot on the cap of the bacterium. As the fruiting body grows, it expands the range and infects other fruiting bodies, followed by deepening of the color and expansion to the entire cap, and yellowing of the mushroom body in the late stage of infection. Brown waterdrops, the diseased plants stopped growing, followed by atrophy and death.
The pathogen is in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, especially when the temperature is stable above 20°C, the humidity is above 95%, and the concentration of carbon dioxide is high. This disease can easily be induced; when water is not clean in the base material and mushroom shed, the disease is The incidence rate is also high.
Prevention and control measures: Strengthen ventilation to reduce the carbon dioxide concentration in the shed to less than 0.5%; reduce sheds' wetness, especially in the season or time period in which insulation is needed, control the air humidity to be about 85%; in the initial stage, spray 70 times the mushroom killing spirit Or yellow mushroom a spray solution 2 times, can effectively inhibit; after the onset of disease, should remove mushrooms, combined with cleaning the material surface and cleaning, the system of 50 to 70 times the mushroom killing disease solution continuous spray 2 to 4 times . However, it should be noted that after spraying, it should be sealed for 1 to 2 hours, and then ventilation should be strengthened to reduce the temperature of the greenhouse.
Coloring disease mushroom mushroom cap from gray brown, dark brown into part or all of yellow, yellow or tile blue, so that the growth of fruiting body is inhibited, the long speed was significantly slowed, grow into a deformed mushroom or caps shrink upturned, serious Affect product quality.
Prevention and control measures: The cause of the disease is that when the coal stove is used to raise the temperature in the low temperature season, the concentration of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in the shed is high. After the fruit body inhales this type of gas, it forms short-term poisoning symptoms, but the cap (especially the edge) changes color; the quality is not good. Some chemical substances in plastic shed membranes are precipitated by condensed water and then dripping on the fruit bodies. Such diseases may also occur, often causing the yellow color of the bacteria to become the coke color; some of the drug residues in the earth-covered materials, The drug residue in the sprayer and the intrusion of certain harmful gases from the outside can also cause this problem to occur. Mushroom farmers should find out the cause of the disease according to the specific conditions of production, and can solve the problem by using the right medicine. Do not use drugs blindly.
Brown rot mushroom was infested when young and could not be differentiated. In the later period, it formed an irregular gray “swollen headâ€, such as a very thick cap, such as a fistula, or a stipe cap, which was difficult to distinguish, and was born on the surface. Layer "white hair", when the temperature is above 20 °C, 4 to 5 days mushroom color darkens, followed by corruption, seepage brown, soy sauce-like juice, and rot, smelly; if the temperature of the shed below 20 °C, The process is longer and takes about 7 days or more. When the fruiting body was infested during the middle growth period, a brown spot appeared on the surface of the cap, and the stipe was thick and plump, followed by the mushroom body becoming soft and oozing dark brown droplets. The internal tissues of the cut mushroom changed from white to white, and the body of the mushroom turned to blackish brown after soft rot. Odor was emitted.
Brown rot is mainly transmitted by pathogenic spores through air, human bodies, and tools.
Prevention and control measures: Clean up environmental sanitation. Last year, after the old mushroom shed was re-used, it was able to remove a layer of wall skin before it was re-used. Then it was piled on the straw and burned, and then it was re-clamped and sprayed again with carbendazim solution. The dosage was 100 square meters. Rice sheds use 50% carbendazim powder 1 kg, about 80 kg of water, spray evenly, and can be used after 2 days. At temperatures below 13°C, bacterial damage can be inhibited. Curing material surface 0.2 ~ 0.3 cm thick, carpet spray 70 ~ 100 times to get rid of trace solution, can effectively inhibit or kill part of the pathogen. As a preventive measure, after spraying into the shed or after sowing, it can be sprayed with 100 to 150 times the disease without trace, and then it can be strengthened once before mushrooming. It can be sprayed twice in succession at the early stage of disease, and the effect is very good.
In the early onset of brown spot disease, the original mushroom base can be deformed. When the young mushroom is invaded, brown streaks can be formed on the stipe or base, brown spots are covered on the cap, the mushroom grows to the side, and the mushroom is cut. Observe that the inside of the tissue is yellow-brown, dry and loose, and the mushroom body is not rotted and odorless.
The disease may be caused by the germination of pathogenic spores that remain in the soil and floating in the air at the time of initial disease, and the rapid spread after the onset of disease is transmitted through the body, tools, insects, and even splashing water when spraying water.
Control measures: Treatment of mushroom sheds can refer to brown rot. The production of Agaricus bisporus promotes the secondary fermentation technology; the earth-covered materials should be sterilized regularly; after the bacterium bags are put into the shed or after the Coprinus comatus and the Agaricus bisporus are covered with soil, carpet-type spraying is repeated 150 times without any trace; in the early stage of disease, 100 times of continuous spraying is used. If the disease is severe, remove all the mushrooms, stop the water, dry the air, dry the mushrooms, incinerate the mushrooms, and then clean the material surface and paint it 50 times without any trace; for all possible carriers. , materials, etc. are washed with 600 times carbendazim solution.
Soft rot, also known as downy mildew, etc., after the onset of disease, the mushroom bed is covered with pale hyphae of pathogens, and becomes dark grayish green or dark brown. The edible fungus mycelium lacks oxygen and is invaded by the secretions of pathogenic bacteria and loses its vitality. It is difficult to produce mushrooms. The fruiting bodies that have occurred before the disease is seriously harmed are firstly attacked from the base, and extend upwards to the cap of the vegetative cover. At the beginning of the pellicle, watery spots with varying sizes of light brown are found, which are then covered by the bacteria. Death, after rot, followed by a touch.
Pathogens of soft rot spread through earth-covering materials, water, insects, and human body and air.
Prevention and control measures: Mushroom treatment can refer to the foregoing. Strengthen the improvement of the ventilation condition of the mushroom shed to minimize the surface humidity of the bacilli or fungal wall, especially after the artificial water spray, the ventilation of the base should be timely; the pH of the base material should be adjusted to 7 or so, and the alkali-resistant species can be adjusted to 9 or so; at the early stage of disease, when pathogenic bacteria on the surface of the mushroom bed are visible, 100 times of disease can be sprayed without trace; when the disease occurs seriously, a small amount of lime powder can be applied in the disease area; when a large area is harmed, The mushroom can be removed and the material surface and the earth-covering material can be removed. After 100 times of disease is removed, the new treated earth-cover material is replaced, and then 150 times more disease is applied to trace the solution to prevent the occurrence of disease. .
Symptoms of rusty spot disease are the formation of round or oval rust-colored lesions on the surface of the cap. The edges of the lesions are neat, and the depressions are between them. After the spots are shrunk, the caps crack, forming an asymmetrical fruit body. Little infection, basically no infection on the pleats.
The rust spot is a bacterial disease. All kinds of raw and auxiliary materials, earth-covering materials, and water have their own pathogenic bacteria. When the temperature is above 15°C and the air humidity is more than 85%, the bacteria are extremely active. They pass through the human body, air flow, insects, and tools. It is easier to induce the disease when it is carried by other channels, especially when the humidity is high and the ventilation is poor.
Prevention and control measures: The mushroom shed should be thoroughly disinfected before it is used; the base material should be cooked evenly when cultivated with the fermentation material; the bacteria should be persistently sprayed and the mushroom should be sprayed for a preventive purpose; the initial disease should be sprayed with 150 times the mushroom. Kill the disease solution can be; when the disease is severe, you can remove the mushrooms, clean the material surface, the system of about 70 times the mushroom killing disease solution continuously sprayed more than 2 times; daily management, should keep the air humidity at about 85%, Do not be too high, and adhere to reasonable ventilation, especially after water spray, the water surface of the cap should be evaporated within 1 hour, otherwise, stay too long and easy to induce the disease.
In the early stage of macular infection, there is a small spot-like yellowish spot on the cap of the bacterium. As the fruiting body grows, it expands the range and infects other fruiting bodies, followed by deepening of the color and expansion to the entire cap, and yellowing of the mushroom body in the late stage of infection. Brown waterdrops, the diseased plants stopped growing, followed by atrophy and death.
The pathogen is in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, especially when the temperature is stable above 20°C, the humidity is above 95%, and the concentration of carbon dioxide is high. This disease can easily be induced; when water is not clean in the base material and mushroom shed, the disease is The incidence rate is also high.
Prevention and control measures: Strengthen ventilation to reduce the carbon dioxide concentration in the shed to less than 0.5%; reduce sheds' wetness, especially in the season or time period in which insulation is needed, control the air humidity to be about 85%; in the initial stage, spray 70 times the mushroom killing spirit Or yellow mushroom a spray solution 2 times, can effectively inhibit; after the onset of disease, should remove mushrooms, combined with cleaning the material surface and cleaning, the system of 50 to 70 times the mushroom killing disease solution continuous spray 2 to 4 times . However, it should be noted that after spraying, it should be sealed for 1 to 2 hours, and then ventilation should be strengthened to reduce the temperature of the greenhouse.
Coloring disease mushroom mushroom cap from gray brown, dark brown into part or all of yellow, yellow or tile blue, so that the growth of fruiting body is inhibited, the long speed was significantly slowed, grow into a deformed mushroom or caps shrink upturned, serious Affect product quality.
Prevention and control measures: The cause of the disease is that when the coal stove is used to raise the temperature in the low temperature season, the concentration of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in the shed is high. After the fruit body inhales this type of gas, it forms short-term poisoning symptoms, but the cap (especially the edge) changes color; the quality is not good. Some chemical substances in plastic shed membranes are precipitated by condensed water and then dripping on the fruit bodies. Such diseases may also occur, often causing the yellow color of the bacteria to become the coke color; some of the drug residues in the earth-covered materials, The drug residue in the sprayer and the intrusion of certain harmful gases from the outside can also cause this problem to occur. Mushroom farmers should find out the cause of the disease according to the specific conditions of production, and can solve the problem by using the right medicine. Do not use drugs blindly.
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