Watermelon hi warm, dry, sunny weather, adequate temperature for the seedling 20-25 °C flowering insemination period of 25 °C, fruit development period of 30 °C below the daily temperature of 22 °C or better night temperature, watermelon frost resistance without frost Ability, poor growth at low temperatures, perishable roots in dry and rainy conditions, and cloudy rain affect insemination results, so to avoid low-temperature light or rainy seasons to cultivate, watermelons require loose drainage of sandy loam, rich in organic matter, PH value of 5.0- Between 7.0, it is more appropriate.
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11, planting methods:
Dig a hole to a proper depth and width. Put the nutritious bag of a healthy seedling into a hole. Carefully tear it with your hands. Remove the plastic bag. Fill the hole and fill it with water. The planting should not be too deep to prevent the base from rot.
12, dwarf planting method:
After papaya seedlings are dwarfed, they are very resistant to wind and can inhibit plant growth and reduce the resulting parts for harvesting. There are two methods: The first is the pull-down method. This method is applicable to the rainy season and the poorly-drained gardens. When the planting method is adopted, the main stem of the seedlings and the ground are slanted at 45 degrees, and the second method is the tripping method. This method is the seedling height. At 30-40cm, the soil was dug in the direction of the lateral roots, the plants were stumbled at 45 degrees, and the seedlings were fixed on the ground with plastic ropes, and the soil was buried. This method had better results, although the flowering period was delayed, but the production was delayed. The quality of the fruit is good, but it can also increase the yield. The use of this method requires rain or irrigation, when the soil is soft.
13, fertilization:
Energy can be divided into three kinds: an organic fertilizer, a chemical fertilizer, a foliar fertilizer. Organic fertilizer application method, use 350KG chicken bake per acre in site preparation, add one pack of calcium, magnesium, phosphate fertilizer and compound energy, and apply about 50KG quicklime after decomposed treatment. Pay special attention for the first time to add base fertilizer per acre. The borax of Jin was used; the second application period was 350 KG mu of organic fertilizer three months after planting; the third application was organic fertilizer of 350 KG mu for 6 months after planting. The use of chemical fertilizers, A. Water and fertilizer, every 15 days after planting, after the appropriate amount of compound fertilizer is adjusted, the roots are filled and used all 3-4 times. B. The topdressing is applied by burial, once every 15-20 days after planting, and 2 compound fertilizers are applied per plant. Use high-calcium fertilizer after application of compound fertilizer into the fruit-bearing period after flowering. Fertilization method, the seedlings use ring applicator, when the big seedlings are applied by ditching or guttering.
14. Foliar fertilizer:
According to the growth of the time, appropriate amount of foliar fertilizer was sprayed, and a small amount of borax was added during flowering.
15. How to use pesticides:
Papaya is more sensitive to pesticides, so creams and more irritating pesticides should be used with caution. After 15 to 20 days after colonization, fixed spray insecticides shall be used to kill insects immediately if severe insect pests are found. As a result, pesticides should be added during the spraying period. The main pests and diseases of papaya are epidemics, anthrax, rotavirus, viral diseases, and ticks and ticks. Once discovered, the corresponding pesticide treatment should be sought as soon as possible.
Pest Control
A Ringspot virus (Ringspot virus) This disease is a particularly serious hazard. It is commonly known as a “mad plant,†and it spreads rapidly through winged aphids and mechanical transmission. Its disease is a decrease in the rate of yellowing of the heart, a time when the water is immersed in the back, and rounds. Shaped or spotted lesions, smaller than normal leaves when diseased, leaf margins dry, leaves fall off, leaving only the top of a bunch of new leaves, or even shedding, resulting in plant death. The petioles and stems of the diseased plants are also shorter and shorter. Oily macules also appear on the petal, and flowering often does not produce results. Round or elliptic shapes appear on the fruit, connected or discontinuous. The strain cannot continue the result. Small fruit set, low sugar content, poor quality, loss of merchandise or use value. The prevention and control laws are as follows: (see Figure 5, Figure 6, Figure VII, Figure IX)
a Using a net room cultivation.
b Cultivation of resistant varieties
C seedlings inoculated with weak disease cross protection
d bagged and made corn.
Avoid planting watermelons, squashes, courgettes, melons and other host melon crops in and around the park.
f Hand, tools, etc. Wash with soapy water if exposed to diseased plants.
g Remove the diseased plant as soon as possible.
B Anthracnose pathogenic bacteria is Colletorichum glolsporiodes
Harm the fruit and stems and leaves. The fruit will infect after flowering, and show symptoms during storage after harvest. The surface of the fruit will first appear near-circular, and the brown spots will be slightly sunken. As the fruit matures, the spots will gradually enlarge and sag, and finally turn into black and decay. Its prevention and control method is as follows:
a After flowering until the fruit is harvested seven days before, use 80% Zn Mn Na Pu (Dasheng 45), or WP to equilibrate 400 times, spray once every 7-10 days.
b After the fruit is harvested, it is immersed in 49-degree warm water for 20 minutes and then immersed in cold water for 20 minutes.
c The fruits harvested at high temperatures should be spread out in a cool, ventilated place.
The pathogen of phytophthora palm is the common name of "phytophthora palmivora". It is prone to high temperature and humidity, especially after the rain. The lower part of the phytophthora palmivora occurs first with the trunk or overlapping fruits. The white emulsion was initially secreted, followed by a white frost, the lesions rapidly expanded, the fruit shrank into brownish black and the fruit fell, and finally became the black mummified fruit. Its prevention and control methods are as follows:
a Carry out round planting and pay attention to aeration drainage.
b In the rainy season every 7 to 10 days, 58% of zinc manganese disinfestation or 80% of Fosaid's humidity powder may be sprayed 600-800 times. Pay attention to the inner side of the spray and add a spreading agent.
c. Quickly remove diseased plants, diseased fruits, and burn or bury them deeply.
D Powdery mildew (Officially mildew) pathogenic bacteria is Oidium caricae, which is easy to occur when it is dry at low temperature. It appears as a round white micro-dots at the beginning, with a gradual white powder, and the top leaves are erected. The leaves are yellow and withered, and later appear yellow oily irregular points. Or block distribution, petiole and leaves are fragile easy to break. Prevention methods are as follows:
a Pay attention to ventilation and drainage.
b. Inject 50% bile of wetted powder (Benlate) or 8,000 to 10,000 times of stable Dadda or 8000 to 10000 times of Clodron's cream (can benefit). Spray once every 10 days for three consecutive times.
E root rot (Root rot)
Seedling, continuous cropping, after the rain prone to occur, root rot, leaves from the bottom up, yellow off. The prevention and control law is as follows:
a Avoid continuous production.
b Pay attention to drainage.
F. Damping off
a Avoid raising seedlings in hot and humid seasons.
b Use plastic sheeting to protect against rain.
c Can not be densely planted, deeply planted, and flooded.
d Culture soil should be cleaned or sterilized. Disinfection methods include burning soil, steam sterilization, and fumigation of methane bromine.
G rot (Stem-end rot)
After the fruit was harvested, it began to spread inwards from the fruit stem, showing black and rot. Control Law: Harvesting with a knife, and leave the fruit pedicle a centimeter, can reduce the incidence.
Deformed-fruit disease
Caused by the lack of boron, the first flow of serum pulp, followed by uneven tumor mass. Prevention is as follows:
A leaf spray 400 times borax.
b Apply borax to the soil, 5-10 kg per hectare.
I Red spider
It is easy to occur during the high temperature drying at the seedling stage. The absorption of sap destroys the function of the leaves, makes the leaves irregular, the leaves are rough, and the number of lateral buds increases. Its prevention and control method is as follows:
a Use 3000 times of 42% Apollo Aqueous Suspension, or 20% Abantin (2000 mg) or 300-500 times that of wettable sulfur powder, or 1% of Tian Guan (Mamban) Emulsions are sprayed once every 10-15 days.
b Use biological control of natural enemies, ie release grasshoppers or earthworms.
White mite or Broad mite
Harmful to the heart and leaves of young trees, causing rough foliage, leathery, deformed, smaller, petiole short, axillary buds, slow growth, flowering results are stopped. The prevention and control method is: using 2% argatin (壹 Yong Yong) emulsion 2000 times or wet sulfur powder 300 or 50%, every 10-15 days to spray the heart leaves back once, until the new leaves without deformity.
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