The cultivation of autumn potato includes autumnal autumn crops and autumnal spring potatoes. However, the fall seed of autumn potato was seriously degraded, and the retention rate only accounted for 60%, and the yield decreased by 5% to 30%. At present, the main use of spring potato autumn seed, but the technical requirements are too strict and cumbersome, easy to die dead seedlings, resulting in out of production.
1. Dicing method. Select early morning or evening on a sunny day, the temperature below 27 °C, cut in a cool and ventilated place. Strictly eliminate diseased potatoes, and the knife must be disinfected. Before and after noon in the hot and windless weather, it is not appropriate to cut into pieces.
Seed potatoes should be cut, soaked and dried. Don't wait until the cuts are piled up before they are processed. If not, the heat will be generated due to the heat of the breath. The cut surface will become sticky and will not dry easily after soaking, resulting in dead seedlings.
The concentration of gibberellin used for seed soaking varies slightly depending on the variety, seed storage days, germination or direct soil quality, and is generally 0.2 to 1 unit. For example, “blossom white†uses 0.2~0.3 units, and “Kexin No. 1†uses 1 unit. Cut and soak for about 10 minutes. Soak the seeds and remove them. Stand on a mat and dry them with the cut surface facing upwards. The mat must be selected where there is wind, shade, and no light projection, so that the cut surface can be dried within 0.5 to 2 hours. To dry the standard, we must first use the thumb and the middle finger to pinch the cut piece of skin, and then use the index finger to touch the part of the cut-surface heart. This can be smooth without any stickiness. Do not over-dry. Otherwise, the edges of the cuts will change color. The cuticle will be easily separated from the flesh and rot. After the cut pieces are air-dried, they shall be placed on a bed of soil for layered germination. The bed shall be installed in a place away from the rain and ventilation. The bed shall be 1 meter wide and of arbitrary length. Bed soil is suitable for sandy loam and loam. Bed soil is too wet to cause bad lump, too dry to germinate. The bed soil should be ready 1 day before germination, and the humidity should reach the hand and form a group. Each layer covered with a cut, covered with a thin layer of moist soil, a total of 3 to 5 layers. The top layer and the bed should be covered with 5 to 6 cm thick soil to prevent drying. Do not spray water before and after going to bed.
After cutting into the bed for 6 to 8 days, when the shoots are 3 cm long, the cuts are piled up and piled in place. The scattered light is irradiated to make the buds green and strong. So budding 1 to 3 days, urging more than 3 cm buds. The benefits of doing this are: First, the root primordium has been established and germination and growth can be achieved within 2 to 3 days after sowing. Second, the first stage of growth is germination, and the tubers use their own nutrients to develop roots, stems, and leaves. Third, the development of the main bud to a certain stage, can be implemented late sowing, so that the risk of virus seed potato virus disease is small. Fourth, it is beneficial to plant enough seeds. Fifth, the emergence period is accurate, 10 to 15 days to emerge.
2. The whole potato processing method. The use of whole-plant sowing is currently the most effective measure to control blight and dead seedlings due to bacterial diseases. The whole potato has intact epidermis protection, and it is not easy to absorb gibberellin, so the concentration of the treatment liquid is large and the time is long. Different species, different degrees of dormancy, treatment measures are different: short dormancy period, such as "harvest white" or germinating seed potatoes, available 2 to 5 units of gibberellic acid, soaking for 0.5 to 1 hour, immediately after the fish out In moist soils, care should be taken to avoid drying of the potato skin and drying of the soil, otherwise the gibberellin will be ineffective; species with long dormancy such as “Pulsatilla†and “Kexin No. 1†can be soaked in 10 to 15 units of gibberellin. After 0.5 to 1 hour, they are piled up in a cool, ventilated and sheltered area immediately after the fish is removed. The top of the potato stack is covered with 6 to 7 cm thick moist fine soil and then covered with straw or matting to ensure that the large buds are sown after greening. The whole potato sprouts are slower and more irregular than the diced ones. Generally, they are completed in three batches and take about 20 days. A few varieties, such as “Wannong No. 4â€, are ineffective for soaking whole potatoes with a gibberellin aqueous solution, and can be applied with a glycine gibberillin aqueous solution (50 to 100 ppm for gibberellin and 1:4 for glycerin: water).
The key point of safe sowing of autumn potatoes and ensuring seedlings early seedlings is to ensure that the soil has the cool, moist, and breathable conditions required for germination and rooting. The specific approach is: to master shallow ditch planting, thick soil to form a large ridge, in order to facilitate the preservation of temperature, cooling, ventilation. After sowing, they are continuously watered until they emerge. After the rain, they should immediately loosen the furrows so that the ridges can be breathable.
EV Nucleic Acid Test Kit
EV Nucleic Acid Test Kit
Guangdong Hecin Scientific, Inc. , https://www.hecinscientific.com