The common fruit tree species in the northwest region include apples, pears, peaches, peach kernels, persimmons, cherries, apricots, and dates. The cold winter has caused great adverse effects on the wintering of these fruit trees. Many orchards have suffered from various degrees of frost damage each year, but the impact is on the yields, and on the other hand, they cause dead or dead trees in the coming year. Therefore, it is necessary to protect the wintering of fruit trees. The main measures are as follows:
First, winter irrigation insulation. The heat capacity of water is higher than that of soil, and the soil in winter soil can be used to raise water temperature and temperature to prevent frost damage. Because orchards are mostly built on hillsides, hills, rivers and floodplain lands, shallow soil layers and poor water retention, they are the most vulnerable to dry early freezing of fruit trees. Therefore, before wintering, fruit trees should be filled with water 1-2 times and after irrigation. When the layer is slightly dry, the soil surface should be lightly cut to cut off the capillary tube and reduce the loss of water and salt accumulation.
Second, soil cover grass. With wheatgrass, subtilis, corn stalks, etc. covering the rows of fruit trees, you can stop cold winds from invading rhizomes, reduce frost damage, but also reduce soil moisture evaporation, play a role in maintaining warming temperature. When covering, the wheat straw and other objects should be cut into small pieces of 17 cm in length, and evenly covered with a layer of earth to prevent the wind from being blown away. After the cover is rotted, it can also become an organic fertilizer that promotes the growth of trees.
Third, soil protection roots. Fruit tree rhizomes are the hardest to resist cold attacks, especially young trees, and are more vulnerable to freezing damage. Therefore, it is necessary to combine the cultivators with 10-20 cm of soil on the roots of the trees before winter to prevent root damage.
Fourth, build earth walls. In cold regions and severely cold and cold winters, 33-67 cm high in the northwest direction about 50 cm away from the trunk, a long and broad half-moon-shaped earth wall acts as a barrier, blocking wind and freezing, and preventing fruit trees. Frozen.
Fifth, bandage grass. That is, before winter, wrap the trunk or the main branch with a straw or straw rope to prevent the cold wind from invading and reduce the loss of water in the trunk. Before winding, it is best to soak the wound in lime water for 1-2 days to disinfect and sterilize, to prevent pests and diseases from invading fruit trees.
6. The trunk is painted white. After the fruit trees are picked, the trunks and main branches of the fruit trees are evenly coated with a whitening agent to prevent freezing, prevent sunburn, and kill pathogens, eggs, and adults hidden in the trunk.
Seven, fumigation smoke freeze protection. This method is suitable for cold nights. The fuel is burned with chopped firewood, chopped weeds, sawdust, and oyster shells. It is lit at about 12 o'clock at night and controls smoke so that the smoke covers the space in the orchard. Generally, there are 3-5 firing points per mu. Set it on the upwind outlet.
Eight, film cover tree. The young shoots of young trees are more susceptible to freezing. Before the advent of freezing, the sticky (sewn) film is placed on the saplings, and the lower part is tightly tied or embedded in the root soil. It can also be used to prevent freezing. effect.
Nine, plastic film coverage. Generally before the winter, the common agricultural film is tightly covered around the diameter of about 1m around the trunk, so as to achieve the purpose of water conservation, heat preservation and antifreeze. When the spring temperature rises early next year, the film should be promptly collected, washed and dried to prepare for reuse.
X. Clear the snow. In some places, it is cold and snowy, and heavy snow can easily bend or crush branches. Branches and branches can increase frost damage to fruit trees. Therefore, after the heavy snowfall, the tree trunk should be shaken immediately and the snow should be shaken to ensure the fruit trees survive the winter.
Eleven, increase winter fertilizer. In the fall of fruit trees, no fertilizer is applied, and winter fertilizers may be added in October. It can supplement strong trees and enhance the cold resistance of fruit trees. Over-wintering fertilizer should be based on mature, semi-ripe farmyard fertilizers. In combination with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and other quick-acting fertilizers, they can be applied by means of open ring grooves or trenching.
Twelve, apply grass ash. The ash is dark, porous, and rich in potassium. The shallow application to the orchard soil, that is loose soil, heat absorption, reduce frost damage, and can provide potassium, phosphorus, calcium, silicon and other mineral nutrients for fruit trees. Usually 150-250 kg of ash per acre orchard, and applied to the soil 3-5 cm can be, but the saline oral, pH> 8 of the orchard should not be applied.
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