There are more and more small-scale pig farms in rural areas with tens of thousands of yuan invested. Small-scale pig farms are not as large as large-scale pig farms in terms of scale and output, but small-scale pig farms also have the way to gain income and increase income. Feeding is the key.
Based on the breeding experience of many farmers for many years, Xiaohuizi’s teacher summarized seven references for small pig farms:
First, choose a good variety
Because of the limited number of feedings, it is important to choose the variety. Nowadays, lean pigs are more popular in the hog market. For small pig farms, it is easier to raise lean pigs. Common lean-type varieties include Duroc, Hampshire, Large White, and Changbai, etc. As a breeding method to enhance the lean rate of pigs, it can significantly improve the carcass lean rate of pigs. The general binary hybrid lean rate is 51%, the ternary hybrid lean rate is 58%, which is 13%-20% higher than that of local pigs, and the finishing period can be shortened by 70-80 days, which can greatly improve economic benefits.
Second, control the size of feeding
Controlling the scale is also the focus of small pig farms. Below is the data for small pig farms.
Self-supporting and self-supporting scale, when the number of basic sows is about 100, the annual output of pigs is about 1600;
The size of the piglet fattening type, about 1600 pigs in the year;
When the size of the piglets is raised, when the amount of the basic sows is about 100, the number of piglets in the year is about 1600;
(Note: the number of sows in small pig farms is generally less than 100)
Third, pay attention to the stocking density
Density also determines the number and benefits of feeding, and the space for small pig farms will be smaller, but in order to obtain more benefits, the density of pig rearing will generally be greater. The small-scale pig farms have a 3.3-meter-long area for suckling sows, 0.3 meters for weaned piglets, 0.6 meters for young pigs, 1 meter for fattening pigs, and 1. 5 for each sow. Around the meter, the breeding boars should be kept in a single circle for 2 m sows and boars. The number of finishing pigs should not exceed 15 and the number of piglets should not exceed 25. The total number of a pig shed cannot exceed 100, because the number of heads is too large, affecting the environmental quality of the air inside the shed, and frequent respiratory diseases.
Fourth, optimize the feeding management
It has been said that the best type of pigs to be reared is lean meat pigs. In order to achieve the purpose of lean meat production, optimizing feeding management is the key.
The average growth rate of fat deposition in the pre-growth period is from 29 g to 120 g, and from 60 g to 378 g after 60 kg. Therefore, in the early stage, the pig should be fed (unlimited) to fully develop bone, fat, and meat; proper control of the amount of feeding (80%) can reduce fat deposition.
Early growth
Give plenty of energy to feed, promote meat, bone growth ( sweet potato, corn and other starch content of feed ), mixed with high protein feed, pay special attention to the supply of sufficient protein feed (bean meal is a common protein feed, as well as peanut meal, vegetables) Seed meal, cottonseed meal, etc.).
The weight of the pre-pigs is between 20 and 45 kg, and the protein content of the feed is about 20%.
Mid-term pigs weigh between 45 and 70 kg, and the protein content of 16% is appropriate.
Not less than 14% in the later period, the overall is 4% to 10% higher than the fat pig feed protein.
Late growth
Inhibit the amount of energy feed, generally not more than 85% of the total food intake, control fat deposition, can increase the lean meat content.
Moderate and reasonable use of additives
Eucommia ulmoides powder can promote the development of muscle fibers, making the meat delicious, generally in the range of 0.2% to 0.3%;
Humic acid inhibits fat deposition in the late stage of pigs, and the maximum dosage should not exceed 0.6%.
To do "four fixes" during the feeding process
Timing: Set the feeding time and number of times every day. Don't change it at will, usually three times in the morning, middle and night.
Quantification: Generally, after feeding, there is no food left in the trough, and the pigs are quietly rested and not simmered for the amount of pigs to be full.
Qualitative: The quality and formula of the feed should not be changed greatly to avoid the situation of overeating or eating loss, affecting health and weight gain.
Fixed temperature: Do not feed frozen or over-hot feed. In winter, it is necessary to prevent the feed temperature from being too low to affect the growth of the pig. At this time, warm water should be added in an appropriate amount to feed.
Fifth, control the breeding temperature
The temperature affects the breeding effect to a large extent. The optimum temperature for the growth of lean pigs should be 18-21 °C. The temperature is too high, the feeding is decreased, and the daily weight gain is slow. Therefore, in the summer, shading, water spray, ventilation and ventilation measures should be taken to ensure the weight gain of lean pigs; in winter, warm greenhouses should be adopted to do wind and warming measures to form lean meat pig fattening. Suitable temperature.
Six, defend against good pig disease
Reducing disease means reducing losses and increasing benefits. For small pig farms, it is very important to standardize and scientificize immunization. There are four main rules to be achieved:
First, standardize facilities and equipment, adhere to scientific design and scientific prevention;
The second is to standardize epidemic prevention procedures and adhere to regular epidemic prevention;
The third is to regulate pig source disease prevention, and adhere to self-diagnosis;
The fourth is to standardize the prevention and treatment of disease, and insist on the whole process of entering and exiting, over-the-counter trading and after-sales disinfection. At the same time, it is necessary to adopt a scientific disinfection method, not only to disinfect regularly, but also to use a variety of disinfectant, virus-killing and bactericidal disinfectant to achieve the purpose of eliminating multiple pathogenic microorganisms. It is necessary to use ultraviolet disinfection, and it is also forbidden to enter people with animals such as cats, dogs and rats.
Seven, choose a good time
During the slaughter period, it is determined according to feed loss and hog output, and the best out-dating period can create the highest benefit for pig raising. It is usually on the order of 3 months old, and it is based on the actual weight. It is usually 80-85 kg for binary pigs and 85-90 kg for ternary pigs. It is harmful to feed early or late.
Summary: The main profit point of small pig farms is to make fine breeding, choose popular varieties in the market, and then use scientific feeding methods to strengthen management to reduce pig disease and production caused by diseases or farming environment. loss. Being refined is the focus of small-scale pig farms.
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