On December 12, researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine described a new blood test in PNAS that revealed the analysis of tumor cell genes in blood samples from patients with lung cancer, and may provide a cheap and non-invasive treatment for physicians. .
The new approach provides hope for the treatment of cancer by assessing the genes of tumor cells in circulating blood. First, when the tumor develops resistance to previous drugs, this approach suggests which chemotherapy or targeted therapy to use next; and second, it provides a new way to study tumor changes over time. Researchers say the new blood test is safer, cheaper, faster and more effective than current diagnostic methods.
Researchers have established a new system for isolating circulating tumor cells from the blood of cancer patients and reading some genetic mutations in each tumor cell. As a result, they are able to obtain genetic information about the primary tumor without a biopsy, which is often deep in the lungs. "We are trying to use minimally invasive techniques to detect changes in personal health over time," said Dr. Seung-min Park, lead author of the study.
Tracking changes in the tumor is the key to treatment
It is very common for cancer treatment to fail after a few months, because tumors become resistant as the treatment progresses, so it is extremely important to understand the changes in the tumor. "With biopsy and genetic analysis, treatment will become blind. We hope to have a second or third treatment plan and hope it will work," Dr. Park said. For patients with lung cancer, repeated tissue biopsy is very difficult, even if the CT scan to observe the tumor will increase the body's X-ray damage. “Based on blood testing, we are able to choose the right second or third treatment instead of blindly carrying out the next treatment.â€
Finding a way to observe tumor cells (CTCs) is a goal of oncologists for many years. The patient dies of cancer, usually due to tumor metastasis or spread to the body. Partially transferred cancer cells enter the bloodstream, circulate in the blood along with normal cells, and eventually adhere to other organs and cause the organ to produce tumors. In general, the presence of CTCs in the blood indicates that the survival of cancer patients will be shorter. Researchers say the new method they developed is well suited for blood-based diagnostics and disease management.
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