Release date: 2016-12-19
Esophageal cancer is a common malignant tumor. The morbidity and mortality in the world are ranked 8th and 6th respectively in malignant tumors. In China, the annual incidence is estimated to be 470,000 and the death toll is about 370,000. The development of rapid, non-invasive esophageal cancer screening methods is currently a considerable demand.
Recently, researchers from the Department of Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institute of Material Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, presented a self-developed real-time online test in the Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Breathing mass spectrometer. With this instrument, the subject can breathe a sigh of relief and can detect esophageal cancer within 3 minutes. The clinical trial accuracy rate is 85%-90%. This research promotes the pace of rapid non-invasive screening of esophageal cancer and is a new breakthrough in the field of cancer non-invasive screening in China .
PTR-MS: a new breakthrough in non-invasive screening for esophageal cancer
Breathing sampling system schematic
The researchers measured the exhaled breath of 29 esophageal cancer patients and 57 healthy individuals using a self-developed proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) and determined by Mann-Whitney U test and stepwise discriminant analysis. The ions in the respiratory mass spectrometry data distinguish cancer patients from healthy people. In addition, the study also performed receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis.
The researchers found that seven respiratory mass spectrometry ions can distinguish between healthy individuals and esophageal cancer patients with sensitivity and specificity of 86.2% and 89.5%, respectively. The seven respiratory mass spectrometry ions were m/z 136, m/z 34, m/z 63, m/z 27, m/z 95, m/z 107 and m/z 45, respectively. Compared with healthy people, the median intensity of five mass spectrometry ions in the expiratory mass spectrometry analysis of esophageal cancer patients decreased, and the median intensity of the remaining two mass spectrometry ions increased. The area under the ROC curve is 0.943.
Exhaled mass spectrum of esophageal cancer patients/healthy volunteers
The researchers concluded that the proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) can be used to detect the ionic characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled gases, which can distinguish between healthy people and patients with esophageal cancer. However, the researchers believe that more patient breath tests are needed to confirm, but proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) is expected to be a promising screening tool for esophageal cancer.
New technology avoids the shortcomings of previous methods
At present, the clinical examination of esophageal cancer mainly relies on X-ray barium meal, CT scan, endoscopic/biopsy, cytology and other methods. These routine examinations require radiation/invasion or invasiveness, and are not suitable for physical examination or high-risk population screening. In order to find early esophageal cancer, it is especially important to let patients get early treatment, improve the cure rate, reduce the mortality rate, and develop new techniques for esophageal cancer screening.
Most of the previous breath detection studies used the sampling bag exhalation sampling and chromatographic mass spectrometry offline analysis method. The potential problem of this method is that the sampling bag is easy to cause the respiratory component to be contaminated or even lost. The chromatographic mass spectrometry requires about 2 hours. Because of the difficulty of quality control, the cumbersome process, and the slow analysis speed, this method is difficult to meet the requirements of screening for rapid detection.
The real-time online detection exhalation mass spectrometer independently developed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences can complete the direct measurement of exhalation of a test subject in only 7 seconds, without the need for sampling bag sampling and concentration, and the instrument runs continuously. The monthly ion signal intensity fluctuation is only 1.1%.
Exhalation test for non-invasive screening of cancer
In April 2013, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich showed on PLoS ONE that the compounds exhaled by each person are as unique as human fingerprints, and doctors can even diagnose diseases (such as cancer) based on these compounds. Breath detection has been a hot topic in the field of disease diagnosis because of its characteristics of safety, non-invasiveness, simplicity, and high acceptance.
Last year, a branch of the University of Cambridge, “Olstoneâ€, developed a “lung cancer display detector†to examine the chemicals in the breath and show whether the patient might have lung cancer. Researchers, including a team from the University of Liverpool, found that the cells emitted a slight genetic variation in the gas, and they believe that the use of breath to diagnose lung cancer is theoretically feasible.
As early as 2010, published in a study published in the British journal Cancer, Israeli scientists have developed a patient who can diagnose lung, breast, bowel and prostate cancer with a simple breath test. Electronic nose."
In the past two years, a research laboratory at the University of Cambridge in the UK has also developed an "electronic nose" sensor. The sensor is about the size of a dollar coin (about 1.8 cm in diameter). It works by making a spectrum of chemicals in the air and then identifying the specific structure of each chemical. If the sensor has been set and calibrated to a specific level, it will sound an alarm.
Source: Bio-Exploration
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