Cow dung contains 14.5% organic matter, 0.30%-0.45% nitrogen, 0.15%-0.25% phosphorus, and 0.10%-0.15% potassium. It is a valuable resource that can be used as a source of soil fertilizer by the crop industry. The organic matter and nutrient content of cow dung is the lowest among all kinds of livestock. The texture is fine, the water content is relatively high, the decomposition is slow, and the calorific value is low. This is a delayed fertilizer.
1. Composting. Composting technology is an important approach for harmless treatment and resource utilization of cow dung. The composting of cow dung has been systematically studied in terms of compounding fermentation with other resources, optimization of fermentative agents, additives, fermentation temperature, humidity, and product characteristics after fermentation.
2. Composting. The use of earthworms to treat livestock and poultry waste is an old and new biotechnology. Since the end of the 1980s, many scholars at home and abroad have devoted themselves to the research on waste treatment using rubidium. Comparing the composted products with natural composted decomposed cow dung, mineral nitrogen and available potassium were higher than decomposed cow dung, but there was no significant difference in available phosphorus. The microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and enzyme activity were significantly higher than natural mature cow dung. The number of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes was also higher than that of naturally mature cow dung, but it fluctuates.
3. Catalytic oxidation treatment. Degradation of cow dung by catalytic oxidation, conversion of undigested and decomposed crude fiber, crude protein, crude fat, and humic acids into water-soluble organic substances and amino acid-fatal acid (A-FA). The reaction was carried out under fully-enclosed conditions. No exhaust gas, waste liquid, and waste residue were emitted throughout the entire process. The composition of water-soluble organic substances in the product includes fulvic acid, amino acids, other low-molecular organic acids, and sugars. The content of reactive functional groups such as carboxyl groups and phenolic hydroxyl groups is slightly higher than that of weathered coal and peat yellow humic acid, and it is close to soil fulvic acid, and the product has rather high chemical activity and biological activity.
4. For aquaculture. Because of the high degree of microbial degradation of feed in cattle, the consumption of oxygen in water by cow dung is lower than that of other animal dung. Practice has confirmed that fish ponds and cattle dung, fish ponds lack of oxygen floating head phenomenon. Cow manure does not need to be fermented, and it is better to use fresh manure. The number and amount of servings should be flexibly based on weather, water color, fish growth, and floating head conditions. Table 1 shows the proportion of cow dung at each month and the number of months per month in the fish ponds in South Jiangsu.
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