There is a saying that is good: "A cold autumn rains, and ten autumn rains wear cotton." After the summer holiday, the temperature gradually decreased, the sunshine was sufficient, the sunshine hours were gradually shortened, and the rainfall was gradually reduced, which was conducive to the growth of vegetable crops. At this time, it is an important period for vegetable seedling cultivation, planting and management, and it is also a key period for the management of vegetables in the open field, and at the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of pests and diseases. Therefore, vegetable farmers must seize the opportunity to quickly do a good job in vegetable planting management. The following is the key point of vegetable planting management after the summer of Huinong.
After the summer, what should the majority of planting friends pay attention to?
First, the appropriate planting
After the summer heat, just in time for the vegetable crops to be planted in autumn and winter, the most suitable period for planting vegetables in greenhouses such as tomatoes, eggplants, and peppers is in the late August to early September, and the greenhouses with good insulation performance can be used. Wintering cultivation, but it is necessary to delay some colonization properly. The following are some points for consideration by Xiang Yanjun for your reference.
1 Choose a film
It is best to use the EVA functional membrane for drip and fog elimination in greenhouse facilities. PO membranes or PEP membranes are used in greenhouses with conditions. It is best to use new membranes for greenhouses where tomatoes and eggplants are grown. Note that PVC greenhouses should not be used in greenhouses where eggplants are grown, as this will affect the coloration of the fruit. The bottom edge of the lower agricultural film may not be buried in the soil for the time being. However, the upper and lower air outlets and the doorway should be sealed with insect-proof nets to block pests such as mites and whiteflies from entering the shed. Be sure to build or buckle the shed before planting. The seedlings must be planted in the shed to prevent exposure to sunlight or rain. When the temperature is high, the shed film is rolled up and ventilated in time.
2 disinfection
In the summer, the sunlight can be used for soil disinfection with low expenditure and good effect. It can also be sterilized by sulfur fumigation in the greenhouse before planting. The dosage is 3 kg per mu, or 4 g per cubic meter of space, 8 g of sawdust, after ignition. After sealing the greenhouse for 24 hours, the air is exhausted. It can also use 45% chlorothalonil smoke agent 200-250 grams per acre or 30% quick-acting smoke agent 300-500 grams, and ignite the sealed greenhouse for 3-4 hours before releasing the wind, which can effectively kill the bacteria in the shed.
3 Apply enough base fertilizer
The growth and development process of pepper is faster, requiring sufficient base fertilizer, fully fertilized fertilizer, full-scale fertilization of the soil, and the fertilizer concentration cannot be too large. The basic fertilizer requires organic fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, combined with early application, deep application and sub-application of cultivated land. Pingyi, line spacing 60~80, plant spacing 55~60cm. Applying 5,000 kilograms of fully decomposed and finely divided high-quality organic fertilizer per acre. If unfertilized organic fertilizer is used, it will not only supply crop nutrients in time, but also cause roots to affect crop growth, and underground pests such as cockroaches will also occur. Therefore, organic fertilizer Must be fully decomposed before application. If the organic fertilizer source is insufficient, bio-organic fertilizer or commercial organic fertilizer can be applied at 3000 kg per mu.
4 fine land preparation
It is necessary to fertilize the cultivated land 10-15 days in advance, so that it can be ploughed, leveled, and free of light and dark; it can be made into sorghum or ridge high sorghum 15-20 cm above the ground, and ridge high sorghum is suitable for sheds without drip irrigation facilities. Dig a V-shaped watering ditch in the middle to facilitate the watering method under the film under the film in winter. In late August, planting should be done first. After the seedlings are cultivated, the mulch film should be covered to prevent the ground temperature from being too high and affect the root growth. The greenhouses planted after the beginning of September will gradually cover the mulch and then colonize.
5 Planting quality
The greenhouses planted after the beginning of September may be covered by the mulch and then colonized due to the gradual decrease in temperature. Choose strong seedlings with well-developed roots, well-developed roots, and uniform size. It is suitable for deep and shallow, reasonable density, and 2-4 plants per plant for seedlings. Due to the high temperature, it is better to plant in the sunny afternoon, and water is poured in time to stabilize the seedlings. Choose cloudy all day or sunny day after 4 pm or high temperature days to plant at night, start with seedlings with more soil, while planting and pouring root water. The root water should be moderate, and the rehydration should be poured in time. Properly densely planted.
Second, fine management
The crops such as tomato and cucumber planted in the greenhouse in autumn are in the flowering stage. The crops such as summer gourd, bitter gourd, pepper, eggplant and so on are also in the flowering stage. At this time, the weather gradually cools, which is conducive to flowering pollination and fruit enlargement. Field management promotes the plant's multi-commercial fruit. The management measures are as follows:
1 Reasonably adjust temperature, humidity, and light
The light, humidity, and temperature during this period are critical and the temperature will slowly decrease. However, the high temperature and strong light in the early stage are not conducive to the growth of pepper seedlings and seedlings, especially the rainfall from the seedling stage to the adult stage. If the cultivation management is slightly negligent, it will easily induce viral diseases, resulting in a substantial reduction in production, and may even be rejected. . In addition, the flowering result of pepper is short and the suitable temperature time is short, and the fruit-preserving period may often encounter the low-temperature and low-light season. Therefore, the cultivation techniques and management level of the planting friends are straightforwardly upgraded. If the test fails, the ideal is ideal. The planting benefit is just a bubble.
2 scaffolding and plant adjustment
In order to prevent the plants from lodging, it is necessary to frame before flowering and fruit setting. Generally, bamboo rafts are inserted around the plants to fix the plants, or plastic rope slings are used to fix the plants, and each main branch is fixed with a plastic rope. The axillary buds below the door pepper should be removed as soon as possible to promote the robust growth of the plants and promote the upper fruit setting. Appropriate and reasonable picking at the right time to ensure the rapid expansion of the fruit that has been sitting. After the door pepper and the four-door bucket sit firmly, remove the door pepper as soon as possible to prevent falling, and promote the rapid expansion of the fruit group above the pepper.
3 scientific watering, topdressing
In the vegetative growth period, it is necessary to properly control the water and fertilizer, and promote the root extension of the plant to control the growth of the above-ground parts of the stems and leaves. The first flowering period of the pepper is not watered, in order to prevent the pepper from falling and the fruit is long; the pepper is poured in the small water during the fruiting period to keep the ground moist, especially the pepper is watered after the top dressing, so as to promote the growth of the stem and the fruit and the fruit.
4 increase the fruit set rate
The pepper began to sit fruit around mid-September and entered the fruiting period in October. As the temperature drops, in addition to timely harvesting, the plastic shed should be covered before the frost. From the beginning of November, a small arch shed will be added to the cold shed for cold insulation. If red pepper is harvested before the Spring Festival, it should be covered with straw curtains at night from mid-November, and conditional foliar spray antifreeze.
5 pest control
After the heat, the temperature is lowered. The main diseases are rickets, blight, virus disease, disease, gray mold in the growing season. Insect pests include earthworms, ground tigers, crickets, locusts, diamondback moths, cotton bollworms, and beet armyworms. It is necessary to adopt comprehensive prevention measures based on agricultural control and supplemented by chemical control.
After the summer heat, it is the best period for vegetable growth. However, every step of vegetable cultivation at this time is crucial, so the above-mentioned small series of post-summer vegetable cultivation management points! Hurry and see!
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