Modern research
chemical composition
The fruit contains Xerose wolfberry 1.2%, resin 3.3%, and fatty oils, alkaloids, Vitamin C and pigments. The dried fruit contains 9.2% of fat oil, and the fatty acid contains 64.20% of linoleic acid, 26.8% of oleic acid, 5.32% of palmitic acid and 3.63% of stearic acid. Among the unsaponifiables, there were wax alcohols, β-, γ-, and ε-sitosterol. The insoluble lipids in acetone accounted for 33.2% of lecithin and phosphatidylserine accounted for 66.8%.
The kernels contain 6 to 7% water, and 40% fatty oils. The fatty acid composition is 64.8% of linoleic acid, 26.7% of oleic acid, 7.0 to 7.5% of stearic acid, 1.5 to 2.0% of palmitic acid, and contains β-sitosterol and Soybean alcohol. The shell contains 15.86% of pentosan and can be used as a raw material for furfural.
Xanthostrumarin. The leaves contain xanthanol, jsoxanthanol, xanthumin, and the like.
Pharmacological effects
1 Hypoglycemic effect: 1 mg/kg of white crystalline cesium (C31H-48O24S2) is contained, which can reduce blood glucose in normal rabbits.
2 pairs of breath
Systemic effect: Xanthium edulis 100% decoction 0.3ml / only gavage, antitussive effect on mice; 15ml/kg on the rabbit without sputum effect. Elixir injections have respiratory stimulatory effects on frogs, and large doses are inhibitory.
3 on the cardiovascular effect: Xanthium Injection intravenously, rabbits, dogs have a short-term antihypertensive effect.
4 anti-inflammatory effects: This product contains diterpene hydroxy acid herb by rat carrageenan edema test showed anti-inflammatory effect. Intraperitoneal injection, subcutaneous injection and oral LD50 were 2.9, 5.3 and 350 mg/kg, respectively.
5 Xanthium decoction has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus in vitro, and acetone or ethanol extract has antibacterial activity against Trichophyton rubrum in vitro.
6 Toxicity: After analysis, cocklebur oil (has been heated to 120°C) and its contained protein (insoluble in water and degraded in the extraction process) have no obvious toxicity, and the toxicity of the infusion prepared from the degreasing part is very low. Big. The isolation of a terpenoid from a flooding agent may be the main toxic component of cocklebur fruit. Residues after water soaking are less toxic or non-toxic. After high heat treatment, such as scorching coke can destroy its toxicity. The median lethal dose of mice was 0.93 g/kg in one intraperitoneal injection. Rats, mice, guinea pigs and rabbits had similar poisoning effects on different routes of administration, such as reduced activity, unresponsiveness to external stimuli, and irregular breathing. Breathing before death is extremely difficult, with paroxysmal convulsions. Histopathological examination revealed that the main organs damaged after poisoning of various animals were the same as the basic lesions except for the difference in degree. Liver degenerative or necrotic; kidney curved tube epithelial edema, protein tube in the lumen; lung and brain congestion, edema, mild heart edema. Among them, liver damage is the most serious and similar to that of carbon tetrachloride. Therefore, it is believed that the main cause of intoxication by seed infusions is liver necrosis, and secondary convulsion caused by brain tissue edema may be the direct cause of death. Promethazine has a preventive and therapeutic effect on poisoned rabbits and guinea pigs. Phospholipids, dl-methylthiazide amino acids, cystine, vitamin C, vitamin K3, vitamin B12, diphenhydramine, aminophylline, or glucose also have certain effects. Shihingning also has a certain effect on rabbits. Atropine, clonamine, chlorpromazine, barbiturate, and norepinephrine are not effective. It has also been suggested that the intense paroxysmal convulsions that occur after animal poisoning are related to the significant reduction in blood glucose associated with the terpenoids contained in cocklebur fruit. Injection of large amounts of glucose can relieve convulsions and prolong lifespan. Xanthium tinctures can enhance the frog's respiratory movements, and in large quantities, inhibit breathing.
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