Soil acidity and alkalinity is one of the important factors affecting soil nutrient availability, and the effectiveness of soil nutrients is closely related to the absorption and utilization of fertilizers. Neutral soil nutrients are the most effective and have the highest fertilizer use efficiency. Soil acidity and alkalinity are commonly referred to as pH, which refers to the acidity and alkalinity of the soil. The soil acidity and alkalinity are divided into 7 grades. The grading indexes and PH values ​​reflect the following strengths: 4.5 Very acidic; 4.5 to 5.5 strong acidic; 5.5 to 6.5 acidic; 6.5 to 7.5 neutral; 7.5 to 8.5 alkaline; 8.5 to 9.5 Strong alkaline; 9.5 strong alkaline.
Understand the pH of the soil and help big for efficient fertilization
Red soils and yellow soils in southern China showed acidic reactions. The pH was between 5.0 and 6.5. Individual soils even had a pH of 4. The northern soil is generally neutral or alkaline, with a pH of 7.0 to 8.5. Different soil pH values ​​will change the form of some nutrients in the soil, and the nutrient availability will also be different. It will eventually be reflected in the crop's absorption of nutrients. Therefore, understanding the relationship between soil acidity and alkalinity and availability of nutrients will greatly benefit high-efficiency fertilization.
Neutral soil, highest fertilizer utilization
Soil acidity and alkalinity are one of the important factors that affect soil nutrient availability. Most soil pH values ​​range from 6.5 to 7.0, and soil nutrients are most effective or close to the highest. In the case of phosphorus, if the soil pH value is 5, there are more active iron and aluminum in the soil, and it often forms iron phosphate and aluminum phosphate salts with low solubility in water-soluble phosphates in the phosphate fertilizer, thereby reducing its effectiveness; At a pH of 7, the water-soluble phosphate easily reacts with free calcium ions in the soil to form calcium phosphate salts, which greatly reduces its effectiveness. In calcareous soils, a pH of 7.5 causes iron ions in the soil to form iron hydroxide precipitates, resulting in iron deficiency in the crop due to reduced iron availability. The solubility of iron salts increases with the acidity (pH is between 5 and 7.5). For example, in a strongly acidic (pH 5) soil, there will be a high amount of free iron that will harm the crop.
Can improve soil fertility by improving soil acidity
In practice, we can control soil nutrient availability by regulating soil acidity and alkalinity. In the improvement of strongly acidic soils, lime is usually applied. The amount of lime required is based on the amount of latent acid converted to the amount of lime required for each acre. In general, strong acid soils require about tens of kilograms to several hundred kilograms of lime per acre, and are applied every few years. In the improvement of strong alkaline soil, the method of applying gypsum is generally adopted.
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