Cow viral digestive tract diseases include bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease (BVD/MD), bovine vesicular stomatitis, Junner's disease and winter sputum. Once these diseases are encountered, they will not be able to cause losses. Therefore, farmers should Attention is paid to the prevention and control work. Once the epidemic situation is discovered, it will be reported to the relevant department immediately.
1. Bovine viral diarrhea - mucosal disease (BVD/MD)
1) Clinical characteristics Bovine viral diarrhea - Mucosal disease A major infectious disease caused by prions, is a major viral disease worldwide. Early pregnancy infection can cause congenital defects in calves, such as cerebellar hypoplasia and cataract. Bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease causes diarrhea and dysplasia in young cattle, and erosive stomatitis and rhinitis are accompanied by other mucosal lesions. Uterine infections can cause embryonic death and infertility or congenital abnormalities during the first 3 months of pregnancy. The affected person can't stand even if she is scared. This extensor tendon and horn arch reversal occur when the sleep is relatively normal but is slightly irritated, such as feeding. Postmortem necropsy confirmed the cerebral cerebellar hypoplasia. Before the fetus has immunity in the 4th to 6th months of pregnancy, the yak infected by the uterus is persistently infected, and the BVD antigen of the yak is positive but does not produce antibodies. Such calves may be clinically normal or stunted but they will continue to detoxify. Larger calves are usually infected with BVD virus non-cytopathic strains at 3 to 30 months of age, accompanied by mucosal disease syndrome of the entire gastrointestinal ulcer. The cow's nostrils, lips and teeth are smashed and congested. Some cases show erosive and hemorrhagic damage throughout the hard palate. Secondary infections of the lesion cause necrotizing ulcers in the posterior segment of the pharynx and glottis, necrosis around the epiglottis, suppuration, and laryngeal mucosal bleeding. Accumulation of pus at the scooped cartilage causes difficulty in breathing and pain. Similar necrotizing ulcers can be extended to hard palate, esophagus and abomasum. The esophagus may have bleeding spots, bleeding lines, edema, and erosion. Oedation and congestion of the edge of the abdomen flap can occur erosion. Small intestine erosion can cause mucosal necrosis, and the necrotic tissue that has fallen off fills the intestinal lumen. Secondary infection can cause lymphadenopathy. Erosion can also occur around the coronal band and between the finger (toe). It has been reported that an 18-month-old young cow has an abnormal rust color, which is caused by a chronically persistent infection (antigen-positive, antibody-negative) of a mother with a BVD virus in the early pregnancy. Many mucosal lesions have the same serious consequences, and the sick cows are thin and become a source of continuous infection. Although most BVD primary infected young cattle have no obvious clinical symptoms, in some cattle, especially dairy herds, primary BVD can also cause severe intestinal symptoms in unimmunized cattle to increase mortality.
2) Diagnosis and prevention should be differentiated from diseases such as salmonellosis, paratuberculosis, winter mites, bovine papular stomatitis, vesicular stomatitis, foot-and-mouth disease and other causes of oral ulcers. Therapeutic points: Effective control of the disease requires long-term planning: confirming the persistent infection of virus-positive cattle by blood tests and eliminating them because they are the main source of infection; segregating purchased cattle; adjacent cattle using double-layered stalls Open; to prevent the generation of persistent infections, the cows are vaccinated before breeding.
2, bovine vesicular stomatitis
Bovine vesicular stomatitis is a blisters of epidermal tissue caused by rhabdovirus, which may be transmitted by insects. Bovine vesicular stomatitis is classified as a Class A disease by the International Organization for Animal Diseases (OIE). Yaks are characterized by excessive drooling, accompanied by oral lesions, hard palate, gums and gingiva. These pale areas are blisters and rupture after a few days. Secondary infections are relatively rare. A nipple injury to a cow can cause difficulty in milking. Secondary damage can occur in the hoof.
Diagnosis and prevention: The disease needs to be differentiated from foot-and-mouth disease and bovine papular stomatitis. Diagnosis by ELISA or CF, such as negative passage, virus neutralization test. Response: Suspicious cases should be reported to the authorities immediately.
3. Junna's disease (paratuberculosis)
Juna's disease is a chronic wasting disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, originally called Mycobacterium yoelii. The sick cows showed progressive weight loss, although they may maintain appetite and mental health but eventually lose weight. This chronic wasting disease is characterized by excessive bowel movements and watery diarrhea. Compared with the ileum of normal cattle, the ileal mucosa of cattle with obvious clinical symptoms has many lateral and thick wrinkles, and the folds cannot be flattened. Local intestinal lymph nodes may be pale and may have granulomas. The age of onset is usually between 3 and 9 years old and the cow may have a latent infection after a latent infection or calving. Animals carrying the virus can be detoxified for several months. Subclinical carriers can be transmitted to healthy herds. Yaks can be infected through the uterus, colostrum or digestive tract. Yak from 4 to 6 months old began to have age immunity. The disease may be a potential zoonotic disease.
Diagnosis and prevention: The disease needs to be differentiated from diseases such as salmonellosis, severe parasitic diseases and BVD. Test for suspected cattle (ELISA, CF, AGID) Eliminate positive cattle. Postmortem necropsy and histopathological examination of the intestinal lymph nodes are effective diagnostic methods. There is no effective treatment for this disease. The vaccine has a limited effect on controlling the disease. Virus carriers who have no trials to accurately detect subclinical symptoms should eliminate heifers in infected females. Health and epidemic prevention management should be strengthened to reduce the spread of infection, and pasteurization of colostrum may reduce the spread of infection.
4, winter ç—¢
Recent studies have pointed out that the pathogen of Litchi may be coronavirus but it is still uncertain. The affected cows showed watery diarrhea for 3 days. Winter scorpion can heal itself after a few days of adult cows. Some animals show massive bleeding in the digestive tract, and the feces contain a lot of blood. Although the cattle suffer very little death, the milk production is seriously reduced. Serological tests for coronavirus can be used for diagnosis, but many animals in the herd are positive for serological tests. Animals carrying the virus can cause repeated episodes of the disease in the herd.
Diagnosis and prevention: The disease needs to be differentiated from diseases such as Junner's disease, rumenitis, BVD, salmonellosis, and bovine influenza A (diarrhea with respiratory symptoms). Control points: Give clean drinking water and good palatability; whether to use drugs that converge and protect the intestines remains controversial; there is no vaccine for this disease.
The above is a common viral digestive tract disease in dairy cows. There is no effective treatment for dairy cows with tuberculosis, and there is no vaccine or effective treatment for cows, so farmers should follow in the breeding process. The principle of the Lord.
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