Muddy is known as “Ginseng in Water†and its taste is delicious. The meat is tender and nutritious. It also has high value in medicine and is one of the important aquatic products exported by China. Mudworm has become an important aquaculture species because of its strong adaptability, low disease, high survival rate, strong fertility, convenient transportation, and easy access to feed.
Seed cultivation
Pond conditions: seedling cultivation to earthen pond is better, an area of ​​30-100 square meters is appropriate, pool depth 40-60 centimeters, the pool excavation fish slip, in order to facilitate its habitat and summer cold, pond pool bottom ramming, into, Drainage ports are set to block nets, 15-20 cm of silt layer is laid on the bottom of the pool, duckweed is put in the pool, covering an area of ​​about 1/4 of the total area.
Qingtang Pei water: In the first 10 days after the seedlings are planted in the lower pond, 20-30 kg of quick-lime water clear pond is used for disinfection. After disinfection 300-400 kilograms of decomposed human and animal manure were used as base fertilizer to control water, and the water was added to 30 cm. After the water turns green, the seedlings can be placed after 15-20 centimeters of transparency.
Seed stocking: The seedlings will eat on the 2nd day after they are filmed. They will be fed for 3-5 days. The body length will be about 7 mm. The yolk sac will disappear. The camp will be fed with exogenous nutrition and can swim freely. At this time, the fish can enter the breeding stage. . The stocking density of seedlings should be 800-1000 tails per acre, and the microfluidic conditions can be appropriately increased. Note that the same batch of seedlings of the same batch hatch size should be stocked in the same pool to ensure balanced seed growth and improved survival.
Feeding and management: The seedlings that have just been in the pond have strong selectivity for feed. Therefore, it is necessary to cultivate suitable feeds such as rotifers and small phytoplankton. After filtering with a standard sieve of 50 mesh, they are fed along the pool side and properly fed and cooked. Egg yolk, fish meal, milk powder, bean cakes and other concentrates. When the seedlings reach 1 cm in length, they can take in food such as insects, insect larvae and organic debris. They can use boiled bran, bran, corn flour, wheat flour and other vegetable feedstuffs to mix minced fish, shrimp and snails. Animal feed such as quail meat is fed 3-4 times a day. At the same time, the proportion of formulated feed is gradually increased in the feed to gradually adapt to the artificial compound feed. Feed should be placed on a food table about 5 cm from the bottom of the pool. Do not cast it. The initial daily feeding amount was 2%-5% of the total weight of the seedlings and 8%-10% of the latter period. Mud fertilizer and fertilizer, should be timely recovery of fertilizer materials, can be applied chicken, duck manure and other organic fertilizer, immersed in water in a woven bag; can also be applied fertilizer, water temperature can be applied when the ammonium nitrate is low, the water temperature can be applied at a higher Urea. Water quality management should be done in a timely manner, new water should be added in time, and water quality should be adjusted. When feeding for more than one month, the seedlings are 3-4 cm in length, and they can be turned into aquaculture when they begin to drill mud habits.
Adult breeding
Pond construction: Choose a place where the shelter is sunny, water diversion is convenient, weak alkaline sediment, and no pesticide pollution. The pond can be cement pool or earthen pond. The earthen pond wall needs to be built with bricks and stones, or it can be tightly smashed with triple soil. The bottom of the pond must be tight, so that it is firm and durable without loopholes. The bottom of the pond is spread with 20-30 cm of fat. The inlet and outlet are stopped by wire or plastic mesh. The bottom of the tank is inclined towards the outlet for drainage and fishing.
Water cultivation and seeding: The pond is sterilized according to the seed cultivation method. The pond water is kept at a depth of 30-50 cm, and organic fertilizer is applied to the pig manure for cultivating water quality. The dosage is 20-30 kg for 100 square meters. After the drug disappears and the water is turned into fertilizer, it can be put into the quail species, and the flow conditions can be appropriately increased.
Feeding and management: on the basis of fertilizing water quality and providing natural food, animal feed such as aphids, cockroaches, quail meat, fishmeal, small fish, livestock and poultry waste shall be added, as well as wheat bran, rice bran, bean dregs and cakes. Such as vegetable feed, or artificial feed. Generally, they are fed once a day on the afternoon and afternoon, and the daily feed is 5%-10% of the loach's body weight. Feeding should be based on water quality, weather, and food conditions. When the water temperature is above 15°C, the loach appetite gradually increases, 20-30°C is the proper temperature range for ingestion, 25-27°C appetite is particularly strong, more than 30°C or less than 15°C and thunderstorm days may not be fed. In addition, reasonable fertilization should be carried out according to the water quality. The transparency of the pool water should be controlled at 15-20 cm, and the water color should be yellow-green. When the water temperature reaches 30°C, the pool water should be changed frequently, and the water depth should be increased. When the muddy ducks often swim to the floating surface of the water to “swallowâ€, indicating that there is lack of oxygen in the water, fertilization should be stopped and new water should be injected. Increase the depth of pool water in winter, and apply manure such as cow dung and pig dung at the corner of the pool to increase the water temperature and ensure safe wintering of the loach.
Fishing transportation
Loach fishing is usually carried out using flushing, trapping, and dry ponds.
Flushing method: Place the fishing tool at the inlet and then drain it into the pool. The muddy water is stimulated by running water, and it is swimming against the water and clustered near the inlet. At this point, the pre-set nets can be pulled up to capture the loach.
Trapping method: The bait of cooked bovine or goat bones or fried rice bran, wheat bran, etc. is placed in a net or a fish cage, and muddy is induced by its fragrance.
Dry pond method: In winter, when the water temperature drops to 15°C to 12°C, the muddy mud will get into the sediment in the pond and can only be caught in the dry pond. The water is drained first, the ponds and rice fields are divided into several pieces, and the drainage ditches are dug in the middle, and the muddy mud will be concentrated in the drainage ditch so as to facilitate the capture.
Muddy is mostly fresh and live, and if it is improperly transported, it can easily lead to death and cause losses. Bamboo rafts are available for transportation. Each bamboo raft is loaded with 25 kg of loach. The plastic film is placed on the bottom of the bamboo raft when it is shipped, and 2-2.5 kg of water is added, and then put into a live loach. During transportation, water is added every 1.5 hours. Make sure the loach is fresh.
Disease prevention and treatment
In the process of aquaculture, attention should be paid to disease prevention and control. Common diseases include red fin disease, water mold disease, bubble disease, bone disease, trichoderma disease, tongue cup disease, pesticide poisoning and other biological predators. The main control methods are as follows:
Gill fin disease: Symptoms and diseases of the fins, abdominal skin and anus around the congestion, ulceration, caudal fins, pectoral fins white and ulceration, fish on both sides from the head to the tail swelling, and erythema. The prevention and control method is to use 1 g of bleach powder per cubic meter Quanchiposa, or with 0.1 g of furazolidone Quanchiposa.
Red fin disease: This disease has a large damage to the loach and has a high incidence. It is caused by bacilli. Symptoms are: First, the fins or the epidermis of the body surface are exfoliated, appear gray, muscles start to rot, red parts of the anus, then blood spots appear in these areas, and gradually become dark red, and in severe cases, the fins fall off and do not feed. Until death. Mainly popular in summer. The prevention and treatment method is to avoid fish body injury. The seedlings should be sterilized and bathed with 4% saline solution before stocking.
Saprolegnia: Control of quail eggs Bathe for 1 hour with a solution of 400 grams of water and 400 grams of baking soda per cubic meter of water. The prevention and control method is to avoid mechanical damage when catching and transporting the loach, and to soak the sickle with 4% saline for 5-10 minutes.
Print disease: The lesion is generally elliptical, round, and erythematous. The affected area is mainly at the base of the tail shank. Popular in July and August. Treatment can be carried out with 1 g/cubicton of bleaching powder or 2.4 g/cubic gallnut for Quanchiposa.
Trichodinosis: parasites on the axilla and body surface. After the illness, the food intake is reduced, and the animals are isolated and severely infected. If they are not treated, they can cause death, which is popular in May to August. Preventive measures are to clear the pond with quick lime; the treatment method is to sprinkling 0.7 grams of crystal trichlorfon per cubic meter of water in the pool.
Tongue-crested caterpillar disease: parasites on muddy skin or gills, usually ingesting food in the surrounding water for nutrition, has little effect on loach. However, if a large number of parasites are parasitized on seedlings, it will cause breathing difficulties and, in severe cases, lead to the death of seedlings. It can be affected all year round and is more common in May-August. The main prevention is to use a 8 g/cubic water copper sulfate solution for 15-20 minutes before stocking, and 0.7 g/cubic water copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate (5:2) for the post-mortem treatment. .
Parasitic disease: The sick and sick body is thin, often floating on the surface of the water, disturbed, or spinning on the surface of the water, and the body surface mucus increases. Mostly caused by worms, worms, and third-generation parasites. The prevention and control method is to use 0.7 grams of copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate (5:2) mixture per cubic meter to splash in the whole pool, which can prevent and control trichoderma and tongue cup disease.
White ring disease: The patient's body is grayish and has a red ring. This disease was caused by long-term conservation of the loach. The prevention and control method is to move the sickness into a still pool for a period of time.
Bubble disease: Sick fish fry floating on the surface. Caused by excessive levels of oxygen or other gases in the water, it mainly damages the fry. The prevention and control method is to use 4 to 6 kg of salt per acre Quanchiposa; immediately into the clear water or yellow muddy water; promptly remove the pool of putrefaction, do not use unfermented fertilizer. At the same time, grasp the amount of feed and the amount of fertilizer to prevent the deterioration of water quality.
Prevention of other enemy enemies: Breeding muddy ponds, use clear lime to thoroughly clear the pond. Note: Drainage outlets should be provided with a dense mesh filter to prevent harmful fish, aquatic insects, snakes, frogs, etc. from entering the pond to harm the seedlings or grow into pods. If there is a blister in the pool, use 90% of the crystal trichlorfon to kill it with a 5 g/m3 concentration in the whole pool.
Chengdu Aquatic Technology Promotion Station Yang Zhuangzhi
[Related Technologies]
Rice field cultivation
In some places, paddy fields are used for pupa farming. In general, muddy alfalfa can be cultivated in paddy fields where muddy, weakly alkaline, and cold-freezing waters are used. The area of ​​paddy fields selected for raising fish should not be too large, generally about 1,000 square meters. Tian Hao should be reinforced and buried with mesh or plastic sheeting to prevent muddy holes from escaping, adding a net bar at the inlet and outlet, and excavating a number of pits with an area of ​​2-3 square meters and a depth of 60 cm or more in the field. Connected with the pit and excavated the horizontal and vertical grooves, the width and depth of the grooves were 30-40 cm. The area of ​​the pits and trenches accounted for about 10% of the total area of ​​the rice fields. It was a high temperature in the summer, pesticides and fertilizers, and rice when the fields were dry and muddy. Habitats also facilitate centralized fishing.
The breeding time is appropriate after rice is transplanted for the first time. After 3-4 days before planting, put into the pits and trenches, put into the water quality of fertilized animal manure, and then put 3-4 centimeters of glutinous species per acre. 25,000. After stocking, they are fed with bran, dried cakes, alfalfa, cocoon powder, animal organs, etc., and the daily feeding amount is 5%-8% of the loach's body weight, followed by about 5%, and the feed is put in the ditch and pit. . Rice fields should use as few pesticides as possible, and if necessary, choose high-efficiency, low-toxic pesticides and spray them on cloudy days. At the same time, keep the water fresh and prevent excessive feeding and affecting water quality.
In the paddy field, muddy grass can be used to harvest dried rapeseed stalks and soak in the ditch and pit of rice until the sweet scent of rape stalks is revealed.
Additives mainly refer to various antibiotics, antioxidants, mold inhibitors, binders, colorants, flavouring agents, health care and metabolic regulation drugs, etc. are conducive to enhancing feeding effect, conducive to the production and storage of non-nutritive Feed Additives and their formulated products. It is mainly divided into food additives, feed additives, concrete additives, and oil additives.
Food additives refer to the chemical synthesis or natural substances added to food to improve the quality, color, aroma and taste of food, as well as the need for preservation and processing technology. Food additives are a term that refers to the chemical synthesis or natural substances added to food to improve the quality, color, aroma and taste of food, as well as the need for preservation and processing technology. Food additives are generally not food and may not have nutritional value, but they must conform to the above definition, that is, they do not affect the nutritional value of food, and can prevent food spoilage, enhance food sensory properties or improve food quality.
Feed additives, also known as feed additives, refer to the general term of additives manually added to formula feed in order to make up for the shortcomings of formula feed and some special needs. The functions of additives include: 1) insufficient nutrients in feed; 2) preventing deterioration of feed quality; 3) improving palatability of feed and utilization rate of feed; 4) enhancing disease resistance of feeding animals, promoting normal development and accelerating growth and production of feeding animals; and 5) increasing the output and quality of feeding animal products. The dosage of these special substances is very small, generally according to a few percent of the formula feed to several parts per million (mg/kg), but the effect is very significant. According to some data at home and abroad, it is considered that the average efficiency can be increased by 5%-7%, sometimes up to 10%-15%.
Additives
Glycyrrhizinic Acid,Methyl Maltol,Food Additive,Natural Methyl Cyclopentenolone
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