First, plastic pruning and pruning is an important measure to promote the early results of hazel, early high yield, the method is divided into winter and summer scissors. The winter shearing is carried out before the leaves of the late spring and after the deciduous shoots are sprouted, and it is suitable from February to March. The general principle of pruning young trees is: light shear appropriate short cuts, promote branches to expand the crown, increase the number of mouth stick groups, expand the crown, and cultivate trees.
1. The plexiform plants have no obvious trunk and usually extend around, retaining 3 to 4 main branches, with lateral branches on the main branch, vegetative branches on the side branches, resulting mother branches, resulting branches, and the tree is naturally happier. Shape, tree height 2.5 to 3 meters. In the first year, planting seedlings were planted with a cut height of 20 to 30 cm. Three to four branches were selected as the main branches in different positions. The main branches were selected for light and short cuts in the second year, and each main branch was selected again. 2 to 3 collateral light and short cuts. In the third year, the extension branches of the main lateral branches that have been selected and continued to remain short, forming a canopy-like crown. Lichee is not trimmed. In the 4th year, the extension branches of each side branch will continue to be shortened and the crown will continue to expand.
2. The trunk of a single dry trunk has a stem, stem height 40 to 50 cm, and 3 to 4 main branches distributed on the trunk, with their orientations staggered. The main branches are left with lateral branches, and the lateral branches are lined with the lateral branches and the resulting line branches, forming a dwarf natural happy shape with a height of 3 to 4 meters. After the first year of planting, it is set to dry, with a height of 50-60 cm. In the second year, three or four main branches with different orientations are selected for the main trunk. Light and short cuts are made for each main branch, and the length of branches is cut 1/3. Cut the mouth full of external buds; in the third year on each main branch, choose to leave 2 to 3 lateral branches, light and short cut. The main branches of the extension branch also light and short cut, so that it grows upward, the internal branch does not cut. In the fourth year, the extensions of the main and lateral branches of each layer continued to be shortened and the canopy was enlarged.
Sapling extension of the main side of the tree light and short cut, cut the length of branches 1/3. In the full fruit period, depending on the growth and development of hazelnuts, the length of the prolonged branch of the short main lateral branch is constantly provoking new shoots. Inner lychee, in addition to pests and branches, very weak twigs can not be trimmed, cultivating the result of the mother branch, do not trim the mean tree branch, short branch.
3. Summer pruning is carried out after germination until defoliation, from May to July. Mainly topping, pulling branches, in addition to sprouting. Topping can regulate vegetative growth, control leggy, promote lignification of shoots and more flower bud formation. Pulling branches is mainly to increase the crown light. In addition to sprouting can reduce the nutrient consumption of the tree, all the buds under the tree removed.
Second, the soil management mainly includes weeding, deep turning of loose soil, expansion of the hole planing tree tray, application of fertilizer, pressure green fertilizer and so on. During saplings, intercropping can be used for crops such as beans, peanuts, etc., combined with 3 to 4 treatments of loose soil in the field, so that weeds can be eliminated. In the spring and summer, the hole-expanding tree disk is deepened, and the depth is 5 to 10 centimeters. It is shallow and deep outside the base of the trunk, removing all the roots and weeds in the disk and promoting the extension of the root system to the soil. In the autumn, the farmer's manure was applied to deepen the hole.
Third, fertilization Hazelnuts throughout the growth and development process, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is the main nutrient elements, farmyard fertilizers and fertilizers to a reasonable match. The fertilization of farmyard manure is the main method for fertilization in the fall, and the fertilizer is the compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium). Autumn farmhouse manure, carried out in September to October, determines the amount of fertilizer applied to the age, generally 20 to 25 kilograms per plant fertilization, the results of the tree to increase the amount of fertilizer. Application of multiple fertilizers for the first time in early April, the second time in late June, together with watering. Fertilizer amount, saplings (within 4 years of age) apply 150 to 400 grams.
IV. Implantation of the seedlings of the current year, to ensure soil moisture, improve survival rate. During the growing period of hazel tree, it can be watered 3 to 1 year per year. Before deciduous, the frozen water should be sealed before freezing to prevent winter drought and evaporation of soil moisture. In early spring, from April to April, the root water was poured to promote underground root activity, maintain the dynamic balance with some of the plant water on the ground, and prevent spring breeze. From late May to early June, young fruit enlargement will be promoted, but water will be drained in time during the rainy season.
Recommended reading: Large fruit hazelnut: http://?Client_ID=25200&Edition_ID=1
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