It is well-known that reproductive work plays an important role in dairy farms. Without breeding, there is no milk production, and there will be no high yields, and no more benefits will be maximized. Therefore, the following points should be taken into account when performing the breeding management work on dairy farms.
1. Perinatal management
Breeding work and perinatal feeding management are inseparable, perinatal management is good, dairy cows recover quickly, less incidence, and early mating can be conceived; on the contrary, poor management, high incidence, affecting postpartum mating fertility, delaying breeding time, The conception rate is low and even eliminated. Management recommends that the following conditions be provided: a balanced diet for dairy cows to eat freely; providing clean and adequate drinking water; providing sufficient lighting time (16-18 hours per day); keeping fresh air in the house; keeping cows clean, soft and dry; cows There is plenty of room for free activities.
2. Perinatal care
The implementation of the health care process is crucial. Vitamin E ADE 10 ml in the first 12 days of perinatal period to prevent postpartum placental births; the pregnant cows are sent to the delivery room within 3 hours before calving, and calving is prohibited in other areas outside the delivery room, and natural calving is kept as far as possible to keep them quiet and dry. Soft and comfortable environment. After puerperium, gavage 40 ounces of Bowei calcium preparation with Daqu liquid, and inject oxytocin, cephalosporin, flunixin meglumine, or meloside anti-inflammatory analgesic. Disinfection of the environment every day, there is no special circumstances prohibit the hand into the vagina, so as to avoid cross infection, resulting in metritis, no symptomatic treatment of the placenta no less than the cow to prevent secondary infection.
3. Postpartum uterus care
That is, oxytocin or chlorproteol injection 0.5 mg is injected within two hours of calving, 0.5 mg of cloprostenol injection is injected 14 days later, and 0.5 mg of cloprostenol injection is injected 28 days later, followed by repeated injections of chlorine for 42 days. 0.5 mg of alcohol injection and 0.5 mg of cloprostenol injection for 56 days. After the injection, the discharge of lochia was strictly observed, and timely treatment was performed according to the actual situation. The uterine recovery could be promoted in the same period, and the incidence of metritis could be reduced. As soon as possible, the estrus should be used for mating and conceiving.
4. Check to identify the incidence of metritis
The cows were selected 30 to 60 days after delivery and examined using a metritis detector to check the mucus status in the vagina and cervix (clear, cloudy, pus, and purulent). If it is clear and transparent, it means that it can be normally mated with good recovery. If turbid turbidity indicates that there is metritis, it is difficult to conceive even if it is bred. External observation plus rectal examination should also be in place. It is necessary to take timely treatment measures and analyze and summarize. Find the reason for the occurrence.
5. Make estrus identification
Estrus identification usually includes external observation, pedometer identification, crayons observation, and rectal detection. The most commonly used methods are external observation methods, which are also the best way to increase the estrus identification rate. Dairy cow estrus time distribution: from 12:00 PM to 6:00 AM, accounting for 43%; from 6:00 AM to 12:00 noon, accounting for 22% %; 12:00 noon to 6:00 pm, 10%; 6:00 pm to 12:00 pm, 25%. It is best to observe estrus at all times to reduce the occurrence of leaks. According to the signal from the cows, it is very clear to identify the estrus and accept to climb or climb across other cows. Usually the two cows are in heat, but they are in different stages of estrus. The pedometer recognition method is based on the daily activity of dairy cows for data collection and analysis, to determine whether heat, good effect, high recognition rate, timely and accurate, reduce leakage. The estrus identification assistant method uses crayons on the tail and checks crayon conditions two or three times a day. Combine breeding records or estrus records to find out where to go. Look, then re-crayon. The rectal examination method is generally used in conjunction with the above other methods to determine whether it is important to participate in breeding. In principle, the requirement of normal estrus and mating must have estrus, transparent mucus, and ovarian follicle development.
6. Artificial insemination points
Be sure to check if the file has been assigned for inspection, whether it is pregnant, and whether it is normal. Semen quality identification, weekly inspection of sperm motility (0.3 or more), unqualified banned use. The thawing temperature of the semen is 36°C and the time is 45 seconds. It is best to use a constant temperature thawing cup combined with a thermometer. The insemination gun is stored in a thermostatic sheath to avoid the stress caused by temperature changes, and the insemination is performed at the fastest speed. After the semen is thawed, The shorter the time, the better, in principle less than 5 minutes, and less than 3 thawed semen once. Timely mating, from the first stable climbing estrus start time calculation to the actual insemination time difference of 8 to 12 hours, the highest rate of conception, timely infusion of the morning/afternoon rule; morning estrus 8 to 12 hours, afternoon insemination, afternoon heat 8 to 12 hours later, insemination the next morning. Insert the infusion gun slowly, so as not to damage the uterine mucosa, the blood will kill the sperm. The principles of insemination are slow insertion, gentle pushing, slow release, and prevention of backflow or blockage of semen. If there is semen outflow or continuous climbing during insemination, it should be repeated once every 10 to 12 hours.
7. Treatment of reproductive diseases
No estrus: Mostly due to a persistent corpus luteum, 0.5 mg of clozaprode was injected. Dissolution of the corpus luteum promotes estrus, using gonadotropin-releasing hormone 100 micrograms first, clomaprozol injection 0.5 milligrams on the seventh day, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone 100 micrograms on the ninth day, estrus treatment and breeding at the same time.
Metritis treatment: purulent metritis, can be cleaned with povidone iodine 1/1000 with cloprostenol injection 0.5 mg intramuscular injection, promote purulent discharge. Can also be treated with fluocin acetate, the effect is also good, pay attention to strict disinfection, to avoid cross-infection.
Infertility cattle management, timely find the cause of infertility, congenital infertility, early elimination, strengthen feeding and management for nutritional infertility, timely treatment for disease infertility, resume reproduction as soon as possible, early mating and conception.
8. Timely fetal examination
Initial examination, 28 days after the start of the use of kits for early diagnosis, or B ultrasound machine, 30 days for early diagnosis or high-tech breeders for direct examination to determine the care after pregnancy care, non-pregnant cattle co-processing, Breed as soon as possible. Re-examination, 90 to 120 days for re-examination, found no fetal cattle in a timely manner. Dry milk inspection, in principle, dry cows should only be all pregnant, due to different management of each ranch, there will be differences.
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