Potatoes are both food and vegetable. Over the years there have been many misunderstandings affecting the high yield and high quality of potato planting in our city, which are described below.
I. Improper introduction
Lunan region belongs to the second cropping region of China's potato. The spring temperature rises quickly, and the effective temperature and time for potato growth is short. Therefore, in the spring potato selection, the medium-early-maturing varieties with short growing period should be selected, such as “Lu Yin No. 1†and “ Dongnong 303â€, “Jin 8â€, “Lushu 1â€, “Polish 15â€, “Shuangfeng 4†and so on. The above varieties are best to use virus-free seed potatoes, do not use late-maturing varieties, not to buy commodity potatoes from the market as seed potatoes. Because the late-maturing varieties of potato pods are prosperous, the potato period coincides with the high temperature period, resulting in low yield, poor quality, and low profitability.
Second, improper cutting method
There are often three misunderstandings when cutting potatoes. One is that the bigger the potato block is cut, the better; the second is to fear that the bud will leave the bud eyes in the middle of the potato block; and the third is to cut into thin slices. In the cutting of the block should be mastered: each potato seed weight 20 - 25g, close to the edge of the bud eye, the potato block cut into triangles, each to ensure that there are 1-2 bud eyes. There are two points to be taken when cutting the tubers: one is to remove the diseased potato, and the cutting knife must be rubbed with 15% alcohol before cutting another tuber; the second is to separate the front and rear axillary buds. Separate sowing to facilitate neat and consistent seedlings.
Third, improper fertilization
Potassium in potatoes, avoid chloride. There are problems in production such as fear of running and running, insufficient fertilization, partial application of excessive nitrogen fertilizer, and too late fertilizer. Potatoes need potassium for most of the three major factors, followed by nitrogen, phosphorus is less, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium needs to be 5:1:10. Studies have shown that about 5 kg of nitrogen, 2 kg of phosphorus, and 11 kg of potassium are required for every 1,000 kg of tubers produced. According to the calculation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of farmhouse fertilizers, 667 square meters of tuber yield 2500-3000kg, 667-meter square fertilizer 1500-2000kg, plant-wood ash 100-15Okg, and the next kind should also be in two potatoes. Between the block and pinch (point) apply Sanyuan compound fertilizer 30 - 35kg, when the seedling height 15 - 20cm topdressing urea 10 - 15kg can be. 70%-80% of the total fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and the rest is used as top dressing. To avoid overdressing time too late, partial application of excess carbon and other nitrogen fertilizers, avoid using potassium chloride and other chlorinated fertilizers.
Fourth, the sowing time is too late
In many rural areas, there are widespread fears that sowing of seed potatoes will be delayed and the sowing date will be postponed until late March and even early April. This will cause the potato stage to experience high temperatures, which will affect the expansion of the tubers and result in artificially reduced production. The potato is native to the mountains of the Mediterranean coast of South America. The average annual temperature in this area is 5 to 10°C and the highest is about 21°C. Studies have shown that potato shoots can grow when the potato tuber reaches a depth of 10cm below the ground at 7-8°C, and young shoots can thrive at 10-12°C. The unearthed seedlings will suffer freezing when exposed to a low temperature of 0.8°C. Once the temperature rises above 4°C, they will continue to grow from the stems and leaves. The optimum temperature for plant growth is about 21°C, the optimum temperature for flowering is 15-17°C, the optimum temperature for tuber growth and development is 17-19°C, and tuber growth stops when the temperature is lower than 2°C or higher than 29°C. . In view of the temperature requirements of the potato during its growing period, the live direct seeding in the Linfen region of Lunan should be planted in late February. The plastic film can be covered in mid-February and the seeding period of the three-membrane can be mentioned in late December. Early January. The author believes that as long as the local surface of frozen 10 - 15cm, after sowing covered the film can be sown. To correct the unscientific old habit of "no more than nine kinds of ground eggs are not too late", practice has proved that, under the premise of freezing potato seed, appropriate early sowing is the primary key to the high yield of spring potatoes.
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