I. The resource potential and role of local breeds China's local breed sheep is a very large resource advantage. There are dozens of local breed sheep, including sheep and goats. The production of mutton sheep is also carried out around these two species. In recent years, China has introduced meat-type thoroughbred sheep from Australia, New Zealand, France, Britain and other countries. The varieties include: Dorset, Dexail, Charolais, Suffolk, Boer goats and other varieties. . The rural sheep-raising sheep is based on local breeds of sheep and goats. It uses high-productivity rams, uses artificial insemination or cold-dispensing technology, carries out extensive economic hybrid combinations, and further establishes a corresponding crossbreeding system. In this regard, Obvious results have been achieved, such as the use of hornless Dorset rams to cross with Little Tail ewes, Suffolk rams and Small Tail chillies, and the next generation of hybrid lambs have obvious advantages in meat production performance. The rate was 207%. The weight of weaning at the age of 3 months was 29 kg. When the pigs were slaughtered at 6 months of age, the next-generation ketone body weight was 24.2 kg, the slaughter rate was 52.5%, and the ketone body net meat rate was 82%. All of the above results were based on the natural resources of the agricultural areas and were made full use of agricultural and sideline products and crop stalks. In recent years, a number of test results have been assembled with advanced scientific and technological achievements at home and abroad and applied in sheep production practices. Various characteristics and hybrid advantages can be fully utilized to improve the meat production performance of mutton sheep within a short period of time. Fattening, slaughter that year, speed up the production of fat lamb, quickly raise the level of production of sheep, meet the needs of urban and rural people for meat, and achieve the desired economic, social and ecological benefits.
II. Technical Measures and Sheep Shelter Construction in Mutton Sheep Production
1. Technological Measures With the advancement of science and technology, the sheep industry with extensive raw management methods has obviously lagging behind. Instead, it has developed to large-scale, advanced factory-based, specialized production. In order to adapt to new production needs and increase economic efficiency, a series of technical measures are widely used in the production of mutton sheep, mainly in the following aspects: 1 breeding technology of mutton sheep 2 ration technology 3 feeding and management measures 4 construction of mutton sheep housing facility.
2. The requirements for selecting the address of sheep house construction First, the sheep house should be constructed with a high topography, a sunny slope on the south slope, good drainage, and a dry and ventilated place. The site should be located away from residential areas or other breeders and poultry farms. At the same time, to ensure the supply of grazing and fodder, there are sufficient fodder bases or fodder sources and sufficient clean water sources.
The second is to consider the layout of sheep houses. It is usually convenient to have access to the front room. The wind direction is good, and the living area should be arranged at the top of the house. The houses are oriented to facilitate the lighting or shading. The sheep fattening farms mainly include fattening sheep houses, diseased sheep isolation houses, feed banks, feed processing plants, veterinary rooms, storage tanks, etc. It must be rationally distributed to facilitate production and prevent disease.
3. Specific requirements for sheep house construction Firstly, the site of the building is relatively high in terrain, dry and sunny, and sheltered from the wind. It should be close to grazing land, forage silos and clean water sources. Downstream of water.
The second is that there should be sufficient area and height in the sheep house, and there must be enough sports venues. The area of ​​the sheep house is to keep the air in the house fresh and dry, and to ensure that the winter and spring are cold and warm, and the summer heatstroke cooling is the principle. The height of the sheep house is not less than 2.5 meters. Each sheep guarantees a space of 0.5-2 square meters. The area of ​​the sports field is not less than 2 times of the sheep house area.
The third is the shelving doors and windows, ground and ventilation facilities, it is necessary to help keep the house dry, heat preservation, heatstroke prevention, daylighting and eliminate harmful gas inside, but also easy to raise operations. When the large herds are reared, the width of the sheer door is generally 2 to 3 meters, the window area is generally 1/5 of the floor area, and the lower edge is 1.5 meters above the ground. The playground wall should be fully or partially airy wall. Wherever conditions permit, a louver with adjusting device can be installed on the roof of the sheep house to avoid swindling winds in winter and spring.
Fourth, sheep house types can be divided into rectangular sheep houses, sheds combined sheep house, building style sheep house, agricultural film greenhouse sheds and other sheep houses.
4. The basic equipment for the construction of sheep houses is a feeding trough and a forage trough. It is mainly used for feeding fodder, feed or silage. It is required to protect forage fodder from pollution and reduce waste. There are four types: mobile, suspended, fixed and combined. The drinking trough can be made of iron or cement. It is easy to add water and clean it.
The second is the parent column. It is set up for the ewes lambs and thin sheep. Generally, two grid plates are hingedly connected to each other, and the movable plank bar is erected at a right angle in the sheepskin corner and fixed on the wall of the sheep house. It can be enclosed in a 1.2m 1.5m maternal room for 1 Only ewes and their lambs are used alone. The number of female pens is generally 10-15% of the number of ewes.
The third is the lamb feeding column. Multiple fences, grids, or fences are fenced into the fence in the sheep house or feeding grounds. There is a fence between the fences where the sheep can't enter, and the lamb can freely enter and exit the gate.
The fourth is the activity-type hurdles. In large and medium mutton sheep farms, in order to improve the efficiency of sheep identification, grouping, vaccination, medicine baths, and deworming, a relatively strong but movable bar is often required. The fence can be composed of fences. The width of the passage is slightly wider than that of the sheep. The sheep can only advance one way in the passage without turning back.
The fifth is the pile of grass. Outside the sheep house, a fence or wire mesh is used to build a pile of grass to make up for the additional or spare hay.
Six is ​​a medicine bath. In order to prevent lice and other parasitic diseases, sheep are given regular medicinal baths every year. The commonly used medicinal baths are rectangular, generally made of cement, with a depth of not less than 1.0 meters, a length of about 10 meters, a bottom width of 30 to 60 centimeters, and a width of 60 to 100 centimeters. There is a steep slope at one end of the entrance to the medicine bath; a step at the end of the outlet and a drip tray.
Seven is a silo. It is mainly used for making silage.
Third, meat sheep breeding conditioning and management
1. Early Lamb lambing Early growth and development, the increase in carcass components is greater than the non-carcass part, less fat deposition, strong ability to use the concentrate in the rumen, so the fattening lamb can get a higher slaughter rate, but also get the maximum The feed rewards. For lambs that are weaned at 1.5 months, all types of grain feeds can be used for full-finishing, but corn and other high-energy feeds are the best; lambs are free to feed, freely drink water, and the feed is best prepared using self-made simple automatics. manger. Salt tanks are added to the stadium, and salt bricks are placed in the tanks to allow the lambs to feed freely. The lambs are fed for the first half of the month before weaning, or the lambs are separated from the ewes in the morning and at a certain time. The activity area is equipped with troughs. And drinking fountains, the rest of the mother and child are still together.
Common infections during the fattening period of lambs are enterotoxemia and hemorrhagic sepsis. The enterotoxemia vaccine can be given to the lambs before the lambs are injected or before weaning. Can also be injected before the start of fattening epidemic, peony and enterotoxemia triple vaccine. The feed supplemented before weaning should be the same as that used in the post-weaning period. The fattening period is generally 50 to 60 days, during which time the water can not be cut off and cut off.
2. Lamb fattening after weaning Lamb fattening after weaning is the main method of mutton production, because after the weaning, only a small portion of the lambs are left behind in the reserve group, and most of them are sold. Generally, it is necessary to carry out moderate fattening on individuals with small body weight or poor body condition, and to perform fattening on body mass or body condition. The pre-feeding period is approximately 15 days and can be divided into 3 stages: 1 to 3 days in the first stage, only feeding hay, allowing the lamb to adapt to the new environment; the second stage 7 to 10 days, gradually using the third day The second-stage dietary replacement of hay diets, with a rough ratio of 36:64, was completed on the seventh day after the feed was changed to the tenth day; the third phase was ten to fourteen days, with a rough ratio of 50:50. After the pre-feeding period ended on the 15th day, it was transferred to the official finishing period.
1 Concentrate diets are only suitable for fattening lambs with a large body weight, such as initial weight of about 35 kilograms, after 40 to 55 days of fattening, the weight can reach 48 to 50 kilograms at the time of slaughter, and the lambs should be guaranteed in management. Only 45 to 90 grams of roughage is eaten daily. If the goat is weighed in, the sheep is about 35 kg and the goat is about 20 kg. Intake 3 to 5 days into the triple vaccine, prevent enterotoxemia, and then injected again every 14 to 15 days, and ensure drinking water. Sheep bought from other places must be given antibiotics in water for 5 days. Keep the feed in the tank free of discontinuities. Each lamb should occupy a 7-8 cm slot.
2 The roughage type diets can be divided into two kinds according to the feeding mode. One kind of common feeding trough is used to feed concentrates and coarse materials separately. Another kind of automatic feeding trough is used to feed the coarse raw materials together.
3 Silage-based diets are dominated by corn silage. It can account for 67.5% to 87.5% of the diet and is mainly used for young lambs whose breeding period is over 80 days. The daily increase is important to 110-160 grams, and the daily lamb intake is not less than 2.30 kg.
II. Technical Measures and Sheep Shelter Construction in Mutton Sheep Production
1. Technological Measures With the advancement of science and technology, the sheep industry with extensive raw management methods has obviously lagging behind. Instead, it has developed to large-scale, advanced factory-based, specialized production. In order to adapt to new production needs and increase economic efficiency, a series of technical measures are widely used in the production of mutton sheep, mainly in the following aspects: 1 breeding technology of mutton sheep 2 ration technology 3 feeding and management measures 4 construction of mutton sheep housing facility.
2. The requirements for selecting the address of sheep house construction First, the sheep house should be constructed with a high topography, a sunny slope on the south slope, good drainage, and a dry and ventilated place. The site should be located away from residential areas or other breeders and poultry farms. At the same time, to ensure the supply of grazing and fodder, there are sufficient fodder bases or fodder sources and sufficient clean water sources.
The second is to consider the layout of sheep houses. It is usually convenient to have access to the front room. The wind direction is good, and the living area should be arranged at the top of the house. The houses are oriented to facilitate the lighting or shading. The sheep fattening farms mainly include fattening sheep houses, diseased sheep isolation houses, feed banks, feed processing plants, veterinary rooms, storage tanks, etc. It must be rationally distributed to facilitate production and prevent disease.
3. Specific requirements for sheep house construction Firstly, the site of the building is relatively high in terrain, dry and sunny, and sheltered from the wind. It should be close to grazing land, forage silos and clean water sources. Downstream of water.
The second is that there should be sufficient area and height in the sheep house, and there must be enough sports venues. The area of ​​the sheep house is to keep the air in the house fresh and dry, and to ensure that the winter and spring are cold and warm, and the summer heatstroke cooling is the principle. The height of the sheep house is not less than 2.5 meters. Each sheep guarantees a space of 0.5-2 square meters. The area of ​​the sports field is not less than 2 times of the sheep house area.
The third is the shelving doors and windows, ground and ventilation facilities, it is necessary to help keep the house dry, heat preservation, heatstroke prevention, daylighting and eliminate harmful gas inside, but also easy to raise operations. When the large herds are reared, the width of the sheer door is generally 2 to 3 meters, the window area is generally 1/5 of the floor area, and the lower edge is 1.5 meters above the ground. The playground wall should be fully or partially airy wall. Wherever conditions permit, a louver with adjusting device can be installed on the roof of the sheep house to avoid swindling winds in winter and spring.
Fourth, sheep house types can be divided into rectangular sheep houses, sheds combined sheep house, building style sheep house, agricultural film greenhouse sheds and other sheep houses.
4. The basic equipment for the construction of sheep houses is a feeding trough and a forage trough. It is mainly used for feeding fodder, feed or silage. It is required to protect forage fodder from pollution and reduce waste. There are four types: mobile, suspended, fixed and combined. The drinking trough can be made of iron or cement. It is easy to add water and clean it.
The second is the parent column. It is set up for the ewes lambs and thin sheep. Generally, two grid plates are hingedly connected to each other, and the movable plank bar is erected at a right angle in the sheepskin corner and fixed on the wall of the sheep house. It can be enclosed in a 1.2m 1.5m maternal room for 1 Only ewes and their lambs are used alone. The number of female pens is generally 10-15% of the number of ewes.
The third is the lamb feeding column. Multiple fences, grids, or fences are fenced into the fence in the sheep house or feeding grounds. There is a fence between the fences where the sheep can't enter, and the lamb can freely enter and exit the gate.
The fourth is the activity-type hurdles. In large and medium mutton sheep farms, in order to improve the efficiency of sheep identification, grouping, vaccination, medicine baths, and deworming, a relatively strong but movable bar is often required. The fence can be composed of fences. The width of the passage is slightly wider than that of the sheep. The sheep can only advance one way in the passage without turning back.
The fifth is the pile of grass. Outside the sheep house, a fence or wire mesh is used to build a pile of grass to make up for the additional or spare hay.
Six is ​​a medicine bath. In order to prevent lice and other parasitic diseases, sheep are given regular medicinal baths every year. The commonly used medicinal baths are rectangular, generally made of cement, with a depth of not less than 1.0 meters, a length of about 10 meters, a bottom width of 30 to 60 centimeters, and a width of 60 to 100 centimeters. There is a steep slope at one end of the entrance to the medicine bath; a step at the end of the outlet and a drip tray.
Seven is a silo. It is mainly used for making silage.
Third, meat sheep breeding conditioning and management
1. Early Lamb lambing Early growth and development, the increase in carcass components is greater than the non-carcass part, less fat deposition, strong ability to use the concentrate in the rumen, so the fattening lamb can get a higher slaughter rate, but also get the maximum The feed rewards. For lambs that are weaned at 1.5 months, all types of grain feeds can be used for full-finishing, but corn and other high-energy feeds are the best; lambs are free to feed, freely drink water, and the feed is best prepared using self-made simple automatics. manger. Salt tanks are added to the stadium, and salt bricks are placed in the tanks to allow the lambs to feed freely. The lambs are fed for the first half of the month before weaning, or the lambs are separated from the ewes in the morning and at a certain time. The activity area is equipped with troughs. And drinking fountains, the rest of the mother and child are still together.
Common infections during the fattening period of lambs are enterotoxemia and hemorrhagic sepsis. The enterotoxemia vaccine can be given to the lambs before the lambs are injected or before weaning. Can also be injected before the start of fattening epidemic, peony and enterotoxemia triple vaccine. The feed supplemented before weaning should be the same as that used in the post-weaning period. The fattening period is generally 50 to 60 days, during which time the water can not be cut off and cut off.
2. Lamb fattening after weaning Lamb fattening after weaning is the main method of mutton production, because after the weaning, only a small portion of the lambs are left behind in the reserve group, and most of them are sold. Generally, it is necessary to carry out moderate fattening on individuals with small body weight or poor body condition, and to perform fattening on body mass or body condition. The pre-feeding period is approximately 15 days and can be divided into 3 stages: 1 to 3 days in the first stage, only feeding hay, allowing the lamb to adapt to the new environment; the second stage 7 to 10 days, gradually using the third day The second-stage dietary replacement of hay diets, with a rough ratio of 36:64, was completed on the seventh day after the feed was changed to the tenth day; the third phase was ten to fourteen days, with a rough ratio of 50:50. After the pre-feeding period ended on the 15th day, it was transferred to the official finishing period.
1 Concentrate diets are only suitable for fattening lambs with a large body weight, such as initial weight of about 35 kilograms, after 40 to 55 days of fattening, the weight can reach 48 to 50 kilograms at the time of slaughter, and the lambs should be guaranteed in management. Only 45 to 90 grams of roughage is eaten daily. If the goat is weighed in, the sheep is about 35 kg and the goat is about 20 kg. Intake 3 to 5 days into the triple vaccine, prevent enterotoxemia, and then injected again every 14 to 15 days, and ensure drinking water. Sheep bought from other places must be given antibiotics in water for 5 days. Keep the feed in the tank free of discontinuities. Each lamb should occupy a 7-8 cm slot.
2 The roughage type diets can be divided into two kinds according to the feeding mode. One kind of common feeding trough is used to feed concentrates and coarse materials separately. Another kind of automatic feeding trough is used to feed the coarse raw materials together.
3 Silage-based diets are dominated by corn silage. It can account for 67.5% to 87.5% of the diet and is mainly used for young lambs whose breeding period is over 80 days. The daily increase is important to 110-160 grams, and the daily lamb intake is not less than 2.30 kg.
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