Prevention and Control of Peanut Diseases and Pests Source: Seed World
Hou Delian Hou Junhui Liu Meizhen (Heilongjiang Province Baoqing Agricultural Technology Extension Center)
1 peanut disease
1.1 Bacterial wilt
Also known as "green disease", "dead seedlings," "peanut pods," etc., is a soil-borne bacterial disease. The vascular bundle that harms peanuts can quickly kill a large number of plants in a short period of time. Peanut bacterial wilt can occur from the seedling stage to the whole reproductive period of the harvest, and it usually begins before and after flowering. The flowering stage is the peak period of onset. The pathogens mainly infect the roots, causing the roots to discolor and soften, the vascular tissue turning dark brown and extending from the bottom up to the top of the plants. After transection of the diseased area, squeezed by hand, it can be seen that turbid milky white bacteria flow out. The susceptible plants showed dehydration and wilting from top to bottom, and the leaves were dark, but they were still green. Plants need to be 7 to 15 days from sickness to death.
1.1.1 Agricultural Prevention and Control
Use resistant varieties. Rotation of crop rotation can effectively control the occurrence of bacterial wilt, and it is more appropriate to use corn or millet or the method of using paddy and dry crop rotation. The rotation period is 3 to 5 years.
1.1.2 Chemical control
Can be used 25% enemy dry mix made of poisonous soil cover species, or l000 times Irrigation root; or streptomycin 200x10-6 ~ 400x10-6 soaking or rooting.
1.2 stem rot
The disease is an fulminant disease. The peanut seedlings first infect the cotyledons to rot and then invade the stem base. Water-stained yellow-brown spots appear at the base of the stem, and then become dark brown. When severe, the plants wilted and die. At the onset of adult plants, water-stained yellow-brown spots appear at the base of the main stem and collaterals. After the development of the lesion, the base of the stem becomes darker. Withered.
1.2.1 Agricultural Prevention and Control
Take a turn for the worse and avoid continuous production. Stalk rot mainly consists of seed-borne bacteria. Seeds should be fully sun-dried and seed-selected before storage, and no mildew and poor-quality seed should be used.
1.2.2 Chemical control
Use 50% carbendazim WP to seed 0.3% of the seed amount, or spraying at the seedling stage, spraying with 40% carbendazim gel suspension 1000 times after spraying, spraying 1 time before flowering. The liquid 1125 ~ 1500kg/hm2, or 70% thiophanate-methyl 800 sprayed stems.
1.3 root rot
The disease can occur during the entire growth period of peanuts. The susceptible plants were dwarf, and the leaves turned yellow from top to bottom and dried off. The main roots became black and rot until the whole plant died. The disease depends mainly on rain and field transmission. Seedling water in the field, low ground temperature, or early or too deep sowing should all occur.
1.3.1 Agricultural Prevention and Control
Rational rotation, strict seed selection and drying. Land preparation will be carried out to increase soil organic fertilizer, prevent flooding, and strengthen field management.
1.3.2 Chemical control
Use 50% carbendazim WP to coat seeds at 0.30% of the seed weight. At the beginning of the disease, 50% of carbendazim 1000 times spray was used to control.
1.4 Black mold
The disease mainly occurs in the early growth period of peanuts. The bacteria first infect the cotyledons to blacken and rot, and then invade the roots of the seedlings. When the disease is wet, the disease minister covers a lot of molds and covers the base of the stems. The stems and leaves lose water, wilt and die.
1.4.1 Agricultural Prevention and Control
Rational rotation, selection of disease-resistant varieties.
1.4.2 Chemical control
In the early stage of disease, 50% carbendazim 1000 times or 700%, thiophanate-methyl 1000 to 1500 times foliar spray, spray once every 7 to 10 days, spray 2 or 3 times in total, can spray fertilizer with leaves Combine.
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