The mechanized direct seeding technology of rapeseed is based on agronomic requirements. The seeds of rapeseed can be sowed into the soil evenly into strips. It can be used to perform double work such as shallow ploughing, stubbing, ditching, hoeing, sowing, fertilizing, etc., with high efficiency, convenient operation, and reliable use. Features.
Prepare before the broadcast
For the winter rapeseed direct-broad field plots, the plots with earlier crops and crops should be selected. The sowing date of live rapeseed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River should be controlled before the end of October. Before the rapeseed is broadcast live, farmers need to prepare seeds and fertilizers and arrange the fields.
Seed selection and processing. Select "double low" high-yield, high-resistance (cold-resistant, lodging-resistant, anti-bacterial, disease-resistant) varieties, the rapeseed seeds must be selected, and the necessary sterilization treatment. The purity of the hybrid rape seed should be no less than 97%, the germination rate should not be less than 80%, the conventional rapeseed should have a netness of no less than 98%, and the germination rate should not be less than 90%. Recommended varieties: Zhejiang oil series, Zhejiang double series and so on.
Field finishing. The surface of the mechanical live plot should be leveled. If it is not flat, it should be rotated and smoothed. The stubble after harvesting of the former crop is short, and there are no excessive crop residues, root weeds, weeds, and sundries on the surface of the plot that affect the machined objects. If plowing is used, the plowing depth should be about 20 centimeters, and the depth should be the same. The overturning hoeing should be good. The surface vegetation should be covered tightly. No ploughing and no ploughing. Land preparation requires smooth and loose ground, no weeds on the surface, good cocoon properties, virtual reality, and tight base fertilizer coverage. If it is to adopt live rice fields, the rice will control the amount of straw returned to the field after being harvested. The stubble height is less than 150 mm, and the soil moisture content is controlled at about 20% to 30%. There is no consolidation.
Base fertilizer application. According to the agronomic requirements of local high-yield rapeseed, reasonable calculation of the amount of basal fertilizer, deep-fertilizer when sowing, or spread the field evenly before sowing. To apply basal fertilizer by mixed fertilizer sowing method, it is better to use granular fertilizer with poor water absorption to prevent agglomeration of chemical fertilizer in the seed box, and to strictly control the amount of fertilizer. Phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, and boron fertilizer are used as base fertilizers. Generally, the fertilizer amount per hectare is controlled at 7.5 kg, 9 kg, and 0.5 kg.
Machine tools must be in place
The commissioning of live broadcaster parts is directly related to the amount and survival rate of rapeseed seeds. Before operating the machine, the operator must ensure that the various parameters of the parts are adjusted to ensure the quality of sowing.
Adjust the discharge of the metering device and fertilizer device. When sowing rapeseed, the coefficient of variation of the inconsistency of the row displacement of the metering device should be less than 20%, and the variable coefficient of the inconsistent row displacement of the fertilizer device should be less than 4%. Due to the looseness of the vibration or long-term use of the equipment transport, the consistency of the displacement of each row changes. Therefore, inspection and adjustment should be carried out.
Adjust the seeding amount, depth and spacing of rapeseed. Before planting, the sowing volume must be adjusted according to the instruction manual of the implement. General mu sowing volume is controlled at 200-300 grams. Sowing depth is generally controlled at 1 to 2 centimeters, spacing 20 to 30 centimeters.
Adjust rotary tilling and trenching components. The common arrangement of rotary ploughing boring cutters is a staggered arrangement of left and right scimitars throughout the working width. For the hoe with low height on both sides, the left machete and the right machete are arranged symmetrically in the entire working width. The trenching device is generally composed of a trench cutter head assembly, left and right side plates, a clear mud plough, a cross beam, and a mud guard shell. Clear mud coulter blade disc bent tip and plough tip clearance should be adjusted to 1 ~ 5 mm, side blade outside the gap should be greater than the plough tip width, 5 ~ 10 mm on each side. The clearance outside the side knife should be greater than the width of the plough point, 5 to 10 mm on each side. After the adjustment, the width of the groove is generally kept at 15 to 20 cm, the groove depth is 20 to 30 cm, and the width of the surface is 200 to 250 cm.
Operational techniques must be in place
When sowing, under the premise of guaranteeing agronomical requirements, it is required not to rebroadcast, not to leak. Seed sowing must be continuous operation, try to avoid heaping and broken bar. At the same time, the operator should also pay attention to observation of seed reserves, sowing, ramming soil, etc., so as to stop the inspection at any time and return to replay. If the implement needs to be retracted, the implement should be lifted to prevent the soil from jamming the sowing head. Special attention during sowing: At the same time when closing the sowing clutch, open the leak-proof ring of the sowing device.
The machine turned to the ground. When the machine is near the ground or the ground, the throttle should be reduced. When the two working ranges are separated from the ground, the whole machine will be lifted, and the clutch will be disengaged. Then the steering wheel will be turned to and from the next sowing operation.
Passed or transferred on the way. After the work is over or after the work is completed, the power of the transmission and the clutch of the seeding must be cut off to increase the walking of the entire machine and prevent damage to the machine.
Sowing operation sequence. The fieldwork route for seed drills generally uses the external method of outward rotation from the middle of the field, with two work widths reserved for the horizontal head, one time for round trips, and connection between the heads, tails, and lateral peripheral grooves of the machine tools. At the same time, it should also be opened manually to ensure that the ditch is free.
Uniformity determination. After emergence of field seedlings, uniformity of emergence should be measured. Generally, live seedlings are guaranteed to have 50,000-60,000 seedlings per acre before winter, which will be lost through winter management and frost damage. When mature, the number of basic seedlings is guaranteed to be no less than 30,000 to 40,000, and the number of plants required for ensuring high yields will be controlled. Grass damage and disease prevent lodging.
Management technology must be in place
Because of the sowing and emergence of live rape, and the effective growth period before winter is shortened, it is the key to cultivate seedlings before winter. Management mainly needs to do the following:
Clear channel management. After the sowing is completed, the ditch should be cleared in time so that the drought can be filled with water and can be discharged.
Sheung Shui. After sowing, depending on the soil moisture, if the relative soil moisture content reaches 70%, no irrigation is required; if the soil moisture is insufficient, the soil shall be moistened by the method of furrow irrigation to promote seed germination and emergence.
Proper inspection of seedlings. After the seedlings grow to the third true leaf, they will go to the inspection and fill the seedlings, go to stay small, stay weak, stay strong, and keep sick, and the number of seedlings per hectare is between 300,000 and 375,000 seedlings.
Weeding and weeding. After cultivating the seedlings and cultivating the soil early and early, the soil between the rows and strains will be finely ground and loosened to remove the weeds. Spray herbicides within 2 days after sowing to control weeds. During the seedling stage of rapeseed, the herbicides are selected to control monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weeds based on the formulation and formulation provided by the local plant protection agency.
Fertilizer operations. According to the local production level of high-yield rapeseed, reasonable application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and boron fertilizer. Grasp the use of basal fertilizer, Miaofei, Huafei fertilizer application time and the amount of fertilizer, seedling fertilizer application time should be appropriately earlier, easy mechanical harvesting.
Pest Control. Should be based on the local plant protection department's recommendations and provide pharmaceutical formulations and prevention and treatment time, targeted prevention. Rape seedlings mainly include aphids and cabbage caterpillars. When they meet the prevention and control standards, they must be promptly selected for chemical control and cultivate strong seedlings.
Antifreeze measures. Rape seedlings are prone to frost damage during the seedling period, and anti-freezing measures should be taken before cold temperatures arrive, covering straw, etc., and maintaining a certain degree of soil moisture.