For many years, the peach tree has been chosen to be in the form of a happy-shape or free-spindle with a large crown under conditions of sparse planting. What often plagues farmers in production is that management is slightly neglected, and the relations between branches are handled improperly, baldness of the internal organs occurs, the resulting parts move outwards, resulting in reduced production, declining fruit quality, and low economic efficiency. In recent years, we have proven that compared with the traditional tree shape, the main trunk shape of peach tree planting can not only avoid the above deficiencies, but also be suitable for dense planting. The technology is simple and easy to manage. It can also produce early fruit and high yield. The quality of the fruit is high. The ideal tree shape currently used.
First, the advantages of the trunk shape compared with other trees
1. The tree is formed quickly and the result is early. In the first three years of the traditional tree shape, the tree shape was dominant, and the results were considered only in the fourth and fifth years. The trunk shape, in the case of fertilizer and water management, can be formed in one year, fruiting in two years and yielding in three years.
2, less nutrient consumption. The traditional tree has main trunk, main branch, side branch or even side branch and result branch group. These branch branches only play a supporting role and do not produce results. They consume nutrients year after year and are ineffective. The main body of the trunk has no other backbone branches, which can save many nutrients and concentrate on flower bud formation and results.
3, easy to control the tree shape. Traditional tree-shaped backbones have many branches, different orientations, and different growth trends. They are slightly mishandled, easy to grow, and bald within the introvert. The resulting parts are shifted outward, causing peripheral flat surface results and low yields. The trunk shape of the tree, because there is no other branches, only slightly adjust the relationship between the branches, you can achieve the balance of growth and results, the technology is simple and well controlled.
4, high quality fruit. The traditional tree-shaped pruning, branches broken, short cuts to the middle and short branches to control growth, but tend to grow after a short cut more prosperous, unfavorable fruit set. The trunk shape generally uses sparse and gentle techniques without short cuts. It can leave full shoots at the front of the shoots, which is good for good flower buds and fruit. Moreover, because there is no extra consumption of other branches, nutrition is needed. Relatively sufficient, that is, the mother fat Zhuangzhuang; Also, the tree can see branches of light, and in the operation line shop reflective film, to further supplement the fruit of the light, so the fruit coloring is good, the quality is also high.
5, the provincial labor management. On pruning, only the thick and thin branches were cut off during winter cutting, and the rest was put slowly; the summer branches also only missed the dense branches and twisted and pulled through the coarse branches, eliminating the traditional tree-shaped backbone relationship processing. Complex trim. Farmers are easy to accept, yet they make no mistakes. Because the tree is a dwarf tree canopy, there is room for work between rows, so the field operation is convenient and labor-saving.
6. The economic life is short, which is conducive to the renewal of varieties. The trunk shape relies on the new branch sprouting on the trunk every year to renew the results. The peach's sprouting power and branching power are strong. On the contrary, the updating ability is limited. Therefore, the economic life of the tree is shorter than that of the traditional tree, but its root system can be used continuously. Therefore, it is generally possible to carry out a large update, and to remove some of the new varieties on the ground, to meet the market's timely demand for new varieties, and to obtain more High economic efficiency. When it is necessary to preserve the original tree body, an improved trunk shape can also be used to extend its economic life, that is, the result of branching on the trunk is promoted to the result of the mother branch, and the new branch is promoted by the result of retraction. As a result, the purpose of extending the result is achieved.
Second, trunk tree structure and yield
The trunk-shaped tree structure is a branch with only one upright center and permanent trunk in the tree. It grows laterally on the branches that are growing on the permanent trunk and all of them are temporary results. After the tree is built, the height of the tree does not exceed 2.5 meters, and the canopy is within 1 meter, which is basically a dwarf tree canopy. Therefore it is a new tree suitable for high density, early morning, and easy management.
From a biological point of view, because the peach tree's sprouting force, branching force is very strong, the annual growth is particularly large, when the original branch, the flower buds can be formed that year. The tree shape, in the case of strengthening the management of fertilizer and water, can be formed in the same year. The second year will have a yield of about 1,000 kilograms per 667 square meters, and the third year will be able to produce more than 4,000 kilograms and achieve early fruit and high yield.
Third, plastic and trim points
1, shaping. The small finished or semi-finished seedlings planted in the spring (or before the winter of last year) are under the premise of strengthening the previous management of fertilizer and water, and are not topping in the growing season. Once in the end, the plant height can reach 1.5-2 meters. In this way, dryness is absolutely dominant and it is stout and straight. In the growing season, only the branches that are too small or too coarse in their individual angles are twisted, pulled, or eliminated, so that they can be basically formed in the year.
Pay attention to the trunk when the plastic can not be skewed, otherwise the tree will not be cultivated; In addition, if the trunk is not enough rough, you can also use some of the branches thicker, that is, to leave some branches properly, no control, no open angle, change direction, dedicated to its Nutrient growth, to increase the thickness of the trunk. However, such thickening branches: (1) can not be left too much, leaving too much will affect the tree's nutrient accumulation and flower bud formation; (2) the site of growth of the branch should be in the upper part of the erect trunk, because The place where the thick branches grew up can be thickened up to the ground, and the upper part of the branches can not be thickened, so the thickening branches should be left in the upper part of the trunk; (3) The thickening branches cannot be left too early. It is allowed to grow in August-September each year, otherwise it will affect the whole tree's nutrient accumulation and flower bud formation. When the trunk reaches the standard, the coarse branches will be removed.
2, summer trim. As the annual growth of the peach tree is particularly large, it will stop growing and be late, so the nutrient consumption of the tree will be large, and the nutrient accumulation of the tree will be less, which is unfavorable to the formation of flower buds. Therefore, in the growing season, the horizontal branches must always be limited, and the growing branches in the year should be softened by taking, twisting, and turning to change the branches in the middle stems, limiting the growth of nutrients, promoting nutrient transformation, forcing the transverse branches to stop early, and achieving Early accumulation, early flowering, the formation of a sufficient amount of flower buds in the fall. On the contrary, the output in the coming year will fail.
3, winter pruning. Winter shears only use sparse and slow, that is, the use of the new branches of the peach tree is easy to form flower buds habits, the new branch of the growth of the year did not move scissors, only slow release, for the results; and the same one-year results of this method The branches should be removed. Individuals lacking the same year's new branches will not replace the results of the old ones in the coming year. They may use the results of the individual old branches or the branches of the current year.
Four, peach tree trunk shape reshaping several problems
1, dry up. The backbone of the backbone tree should stand upright, and the resulting branches must be distributed in a balanced manner to prevent the center of gravity from tilting and overwhelm the trees. When the height of planting seedlings exceeds 50 centimeters, close to the trunk, insert a thin wooden stick or bamboo pole with a length of more than 1 meter, and bind the center of the peach tree to prevent it from drying. As the seedling grows taller, the lashing rope is regularly added until it is more than 2 meters.
2, weak on the strong. If the trunk-shaped peach branches are not properly managed, it is easy to form a strong, weak, and large tree. This "big cover" of the big tree, the middle and lower branches and leaves are difficult to see light, will gradually decline, so that production dropped sharply. The method of prevention and control: First, the main axis of the two branches of the center should be extended to the two sides of the line respectively, and the growth of these two branches should be thicker and longer than the growth of the middle and upper branches to suppress the strong; When the branches in the middle and upper parts of the trunk are too small and have thick branches, they should be thinly or severely cut short; the third is the growth season in summer, and the growing branches and the resulting branches on the trunk should be less than 70 degrees. The branches must be folded, gripped, held or stretched in time.
3, the trunk is too short or too high. The main trunk is too short to fully utilize the upper space, and it is easy to seal it prematurely, which is not conducive to ventilation and light transmission, and loses the advantage of the trunk; the center is too high, and affects light; the second is inconvenience in management; and the third is in There are too many branches, nutrition is too scattered, growth is weak, results are small, poor quality.
In short, the trunk shape of the tree pruning, we must adhere to the main summer shear, supplemented by the principle of winter cut. In addition to paying attention to tree stress and strengthening summer shear, strong wang tree should also be properly coordinated with chemical control such as application of PBO, etc. For weak trees, management of fertilizer and water should be strengthened to promote its growth and rejuvenation. Only the flexible use of pruning methods and homeopathic adjustment can achieve the purpose of high quality and early fruit production.
Hui Nong fruit tree Liu Ning 2013-08-03 19:33:59
Taoyuan winter management technical points Hui Nong fruit tree Liu Ning 2013-08-03 19:34:09
In winter, peach trees enter a dormant period. Using free time to do the winter management of Taoyuan will not only reduce the base number of overwintering pests and diseases, reduce the prevention and control pressure of pests and diseases in the coming year, but also lay a foundation for high yield and quality of fruit trees in the coming year. The main contents and technical points of Taoyuan winter management are as follows:
First, remove the litter and weeds in the orchard
Because many diseases and pests of fruit trees fall through the winter dormancy period on fallen leaves, fallen fruits, dead branches and weeds, in particular, some germs spread in the soil along with diseased leaves and fruit, becoming a source of infection and aggravating diseases in the following year. Therefore, the timely removal of fallen leaves, rotten fruit and weeds from the orchard, and the deep burial or burning of the orchards can eliminate a large number of overwintering pests and pathogens, and reduce the pests and diseases of the following year.
Second, ploughing
Ploughing in garden soil can turn over pests and pathogens such as peach winter bean borer and overwintering larvae of pear real honey bees to the surface and be frozen to death, dry or eaten by natural enemies, so that the insects that turn to deep layers cannot be feathered and unearthed. Death can also improve the soil, increase permeability, increase ground temperature, and facilitate root growth.
Third, pest control
The use of peach fruitworm, leaf miner, leaf roller moth and other pests on the selectivity of wintering sites, before the winter in the peach trunk and large branches of grass to trap the old mature larvae overwintering, and then concentrated to eliminate. The pests and pathogens such as peach borers, pears, and caterpillars are latently overwintering in rough skin, cracks, and cracks in fruit trees, scraped bark in winter and then burned centrally, and have a good preventive and control effect against various diseases and insect pests. Be careful not to injure the phloem while shaving. Artificially remove the pests on the stems and make them uniform. In winter, the trunk is brushed with whitening agent, which can effectively prevent freezing damage and kill the wintering pests on the trunk. The trunk was painted white twice, the first time after the fruit trees were defoliated and before the soil was frozen, the second was in early spring. For large trees with cracked skin and large skin, scrape old skin and skin before whitening and then apply white. Whitening agent formulation: 25 parts of quicklime, 8 parts of salt, 1 part of lime sulfur cocktail, 40 parts of water, or 25 parts of quicklime, 8 parts of sulfur powder, 1 part of vegetable oil and 200 parts of water.
Fourth, winter shear
Pruning in the early winter, adjust the structure of the crown, remove dry and dead branches, disease and insect branches, control leggy branches and development branches, and improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the trees. If the fruit tree has been sealed, you can use the "open skylight" approach. Pruning standards are based on maintaining good ventilation and light transmission. The cutting mouth should be smooth, and a wound with a diameter of 1 cm or more should be immediately coated with a protective agent (the ratio of quick lime, lime residue, salt, and water is 5:0.5:0.2:20). At the same time, the branches that have been cut off should be cleared out of the park in time and burned.
Fifth, peach deciduous garden technology
After the orchard soil mineral elements are absorbed and utilized by the fruit trees, they will be carried away with the pruned branches and leaves and autumn leaves, resulting in the loss of nutrients in the orchards. The deciduous orchards can leave this part of the mineral nutrients in the orchards to form the recycling of mineral elements. Because defoliation can also be converted to organic matter, it can improve soil structure, increase soil fertility, improve soil physicochemical properties, and reduce overwintering insect sources, reducing the population density in the coming year.
When the garden was cleared in winter, some growers liked to cover the tree directly with the leaves, allowing them to freely decompose and rot. This often leads to the continuation of pests and diseases, and it is popular every year. This is mainly because the peach litter parasitizes many pathogens, and some pests also lurk in it. If you return to the garden directly, it will provide places for the pests to inhabit and safely survive the winter. , resulting in the spread of pests and diseases the following year. Therefore, the following matters must also be taken into account during the implementation:
(1) Combine with the clear garden in winter to collect fallen leaves. After the peach tree is fallen, the fallen leaves are collected together with the weeds in the garden and stacked together.
(2) Thallium fermentation with phosphate fertilizer. Prior to tanning, the leaves were treated with insecticides and fungicides. The collected defoliation and weeds are then piled up in a sump or hopper pond in Taoyuan. After application, cover the heap for 2 to 3 days with a film or other covering. Then add the organic fertilizer and superphosphate, and then use the cover to block the sunlight and rainwater to prevent loss of fertilizer efficiency. It will be applied in the spring of the second year.
(3) Gardening method. Combine the deep-turning soil in Taoyuan and fully decompose it. Fermented deciduous organic phosphorus fertilizer is applied to the annular groove in the tree tray in spring. The depth of the ditch is about 30 cm. Each plant uses 15 kg of defoliation fertilizer and 0.1 to 0.2 kg of urea. After fertilization, in case of spring drought, it is necessary to fill enough water in the peach tree fertilization area to facilitate the decomposition of fertilizers and the absorption of peach trees.
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