Corn is the main crop in Heilongjiang Province. With the adjustment of people's diet structure, the proportion of waxy corn in the corn planting area has been increasing. Waxy corn, sweet corn. The grain contains a large amount of soluble carbohydrates, milk content of milk is 15% to 18%, and is rich in a variety of trace elements and vitamins required by the body. At present, there is less cultivation in production, and the domestic and foreign markets are in short supply. Although its yield is lower than that of hybrid corn, its price is several times or even several times that of hybrid corn. Planting some waxy corn is a good way for farmers to increase their income. The corn cultivation techniques in Shuangcheng, Heilongjiang Province are now described as follows.
1 Isolation of Waxy Maize is a single stealth gene mutant of endosperm shape. Once the pollen of ordinary corn is accepted, it turns into ordinary corn. In order to prevent pollination, isolation must be planted. There are two ways to isolate: First, spatial isolation. In other words, ordinary corn cannot be planted within 400m around the planting of the glutinous corn field. This method can be used for rice production areas or suburban vegetable areas. The second is time isolation. The planting area of ​​summer maize in Heilongjiang Province is relatively large and space isolation is not easy to implement. Time isolation method should be adopted. It is required that the waxy maize flowering period should be advanced or pushed back by about 30 days compared to the normal corn flowering period.
At the same time, the flowering and filling stages of waxy maize are staggered in the high-temperature season. The specific measures are: when the temperature in spring is stable above 12°C, the seeds can be planted; in the spring, the crops can be interplanted, and after the plant grows in spring, the trees can be planted in the ridge. Rape or garlic pods, pre-germination, rape, garlic, sowing immediately after harvest, such as lack of water chestnuts, can bring water on demand and stamping film, but also about 20d in advance about nursery, before transplanting after harvest unearthed; wheat seedlings nursery transplanting. Generally, the seedlings can be raised 25 days before the wheat harvest; the wheat can be directly broadcasted in the 30 days after harvesting, and a leafy vegetable with a short growing period can be planted after the wheat is harvested, and the waxy corn can be planted after the harvesting. The above several planting methods can be comprehensively arranged.
2 Seed selection and seed treatment Glutinous corn seed coat has a variety of colors, which can be determined according to the user's requirements. Regardless of the species of seed coat, it must be a variety with high sugar content, large spikes, and high disease resistance. Seeds were sown before seeding for 2-3 days before sowing, in order to kill germs on the seed surface, enhance embryo growth and water absorption capacity, increase germination rate, emergence rate, and make the whole seedlings consistent.
3 Before planting, the crops should be set aside after harvesting. The basal fertilizer applied 32,5-35,0t/hm3 of high-quality soil-fertilizer, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 250-300kg/hm3, zinc sulfate 15kg/hm3, borax 15kg/hm3. It is suitable for close planting and is generally planted between 60,000 and 675,000 plants/hm3. Take small and large rows, which is conducive to ventilation and light transmission, and increase photosynthetic efficiency. Big line 60cm, small line 40cm, spacing 30~35cm. Improve seeding quality, sowing 2 to 3 seeds per hole.
4 Field management Waxy corn Because seed starch content is small, grain shrinkage, depression, dry up, low grain weight lead to weak germination, poor soil strength, coupled with fresh and tender grains and seedlings, vulnerable to pests and mice, lack of seedlings Occurs. Be sure to nurse the seedlings in the field 2 days before sowing so that the seedlings can be checked and replenished early after the corn has just emerged. Two plants remain at the lack of seedlings, 4 to 5 leaves Dingmiao. Timely removal of branches and tillers, leaving 1-2 spikes per plant to prevent nutrient dispersion, is conducive to the growth of large spikes.
5 Water Management
5-6 leaf water control fertilizer seedlings, 8 to 9 leaves topdressing urea 150 ~ 250kg, hm3, can also be used foliar spray fertilizer, with urea 3kg/hm3 + potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3kg/hm3 water spray 450kg/hm3 leaf . During the big bell-mouth period, he reapplied the panicle fertilizer, increased the rate of spike formation, and grew and spiked; at the same time, he added potassium fertilizer 150kg/hm3. The top dressing method is deep digging 3~5cm. When combined with watering fertilizer, increase the amount of potassium fertilizer. Maize needs a large amount of water during the tasseling and flowering period of corn, and in the event of a drought during corn bell-mouthing period, it is necessary to conduct furrow irrigation or sprinkler irrigation to prevent drought. Maize filling period is the most sensitive to water shortage. It is the critical period of water demand. When the soil moisture content is less than 70% of the maximum water capacity in the field, it should be watered in time to facilitate fertility.
6 The pesticides for the control of pests and weeds should focus on pollution-free production standards and the use of highly toxic and high-residue pesticides is strictly prohibited. With 20% triadimefon 1000 times spray control corn disease. Prevention and control of underground pests with 50% phoxim and stir-fried wheat bran before spreading into cultivated land; prevention and control of corn borer with 50% phoxim and yellow sand at 1:50 during the corn trumpet phase; use for control of corn borers and planthoppers Hedgehog or Jin Haonian (Aketai) spraying; after germination can be used before the emergence of Jinduer herbicide ground blockade, the use of acetochlor, dry red layer and other insecticides that are harmful to waxy corn are strictly prohibited.
7 Timely harvesting of waxy corn requires strict production technology and harvesting time, and has a short shelf life. Under normal circumstances, about 18 days after the pollination of waxy corn for timely harvest period, too early and late will affect the quality of picking the market is best not more than 1d. Early harvest, insufficient grout, and too little nutrients; late harvest, soluble sugars and soluble polysaccharides in waxy corn kernels are converted into starch, the sweetness is reduced, the skin becomes thick and loses its specific flavor, and it is necessary to bring the leaves to harvest. Income, to facilitate storage and transportation to extend the preservation period.
1 Isolation of Waxy Maize is a single stealth gene mutant of endosperm shape. Once the pollen of ordinary corn is accepted, it turns into ordinary corn. In order to prevent pollination, isolation must be planted. There are two ways to isolate: First, spatial isolation. In other words, ordinary corn cannot be planted within 400m around the planting of the glutinous corn field. This method can be used for rice production areas or suburban vegetable areas. The second is time isolation. The planting area of ​​summer maize in Heilongjiang Province is relatively large and space isolation is not easy to implement. Time isolation method should be adopted. It is required that the waxy maize flowering period should be advanced or pushed back by about 30 days compared to the normal corn flowering period.
At the same time, the flowering and filling stages of waxy maize are staggered in the high-temperature season. The specific measures are: when the temperature in spring is stable above 12°C, the seeds can be planted; in the spring, the crops can be interplanted, and after the plant grows in spring, the trees can be planted in the ridge. Rape or garlic pods, pre-germination, rape, garlic, sowing immediately after harvest, such as lack of water chestnuts, can bring water on demand and stamping film, but also about 20d in advance about nursery, before transplanting after harvest unearthed; wheat seedlings nursery transplanting. Generally, the seedlings can be raised 25 days before the wheat harvest; the wheat can be directly broadcasted in the 30 days after harvesting, and a leafy vegetable with a short growing period can be planted after the wheat is harvested, and the waxy corn can be planted after the harvesting. The above several planting methods can be comprehensively arranged.
2 Seed selection and seed treatment Glutinous corn seed coat has a variety of colors, which can be determined according to the user's requirements. Regardless of the species of seed coat, it must be a variety with high sugar content, large spikes, and high disease resistance. Seeds were sown before seeding for 2-3 days before sowing, in order to kill germs on the seed surface, enhance embryo growth and water absorption capacity, increase germination rate, emergence rate, and make the whole seedlings consistent.
3 Before planting, the crops should be set aside after harvesting. The basal fertilizer applied 32,5-35,0t/hm3 of high-quality soil-fertilizer, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 250-300kg/hm3, zinc sulfate 15kg/hm3, borax 15kg/hm3. It is suitable for close planting and is generally planted between 60,000 and 675,000 plants/hm3. Take small and large rows, which is conducive to ventilation and light transmission, and increase photosynthetic efficiency. Big line 60cm, small line 40cm, spacing 30~35cm. Improve seeding quality, sowing 2 to 3 seeds per hole.
4 Field management Waxy corn Because seed starch content is small, grain shrinkage, depression, dry up, low grain weight lead to weak germination, poor soil strength, coupled with fresh and tender grains and seedlings, vulnerable to pests and mice, lack of seedlings Occurs. Be sure to nurse the seedlings in the field 2 days before sowing so that the seedlings can be checked and replenished early after the corn has just emerged. Two plants remain at the lack of seedlings, 4 to 5 leaves Dingmiao. Timely removal of branches and tillers, leaving 1-2 spikes per plant to prevent nutrient dispersion, is conducive to the growth of large spikes.
5 Water Management
5-6 leaf water control fertilizer seedlings, 8 to 9 leaves topdressing urea 150 ~ 250kg, hm3, can also be used foliar spray fertilizer, with urea 3kg/hm3 + potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3kg/hm3 water spray 450kg/hm3 leaf . During the big bell-mouth period, he reapplied the panicle fertilizer, increased the rate of spike formation, and grew and spiked; at the same time, he added potassium fertilizer 150kg/hm3. The top dressing method is deep digging 3~5cm. When combined with watering fertilizer, increase the amount of potassium fertilizer. Maize needs a large amount of water during the tasseling and flowering period of corn, and in the event of a drought during corn bell-mouthing period, it is necessary to conduct furrow irrigation or sprinkler irrigation to prevent drought. Maize filling period is the most sensitive to water shortage. It is the critical period of water demand. When the soil moisture content is less than 70% of the maximum water capacity in the field, it should be watered in time to facilitate fertility.
6 The pesticides for the control of pests and weeds should focus on pollution-free production standards and the use of highly toxic and high-residue pesticides is strictly prohibited. With 20% triadimefon 1000 times spray control corn disease. Prevention and control of underground pests with 50% phoxim and stir-fried wheat bran before spreading into cultivated land; prevention and control of corn borer with 50% phoxim and yellow sand at 1:50 during the corn trumpet phase; use for control of corn borers and planthoppers Hedgehog or Jin Haonian (Aketai) spraying; after germination can be used before the emergence of Jinduer herbicide ground blockade, the use of acetochlor, dry red layer and other insecticides that are harmful to waxy corn are strictly prohibited.
7 Timely harvesting of waxy corn requires strict production technology and harvesting time, and has a short shelf life. Under normal circumstances, about 18 days after the pollination of waxy corn for timely harvest period, too early and late will affect the quality of picking the market is best not more than 1d. Early harvest, insufficient grout, and too little nutrients; late harvest, soluble sugars and soluble polysaccharides in waxy corn kernels are converted into starch, the sweetness is reduced, the skin becomes thick and loses its specific flavor, and it is necessary to bring the leaves to harvest. Income, to facilitate storage and transportation to extend the preservation period.
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